{"id":9628,"date":"2025-08-20T22:28:45","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T14:28:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3d-universal.com\/en\/?p=9628"},"modified":"2025-08-24T18:56:20","modified_gmt":"2025-08-24T10:56:20","slug":"ielts-vocabulary-by-topic-education-technology-health-etc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3d-universal.com\/en\/blogs\/ielts-vocabulary-by-topic-education-technology-health-etc.html","title":{"rendered":"IELTS Vocabulary by Topic (Education, Technology, Health, etc.)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h1 data-start=\"306\" data-end=\"371\">IELTS Vocabulary by Topic (Education, Technology, Health, etc.)<\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"373\" data-end=\"787\">When preparing for the IELTS exam, vocabulary is one of the most important factors for achieving a high band score. The test often evaluates your ability to use a wide range of words accurately and appropriately across <strong data-start=\"592\" data-end=\"611\">familiar topics<\/strong>. Below is an organized list of <strong data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"672\">topic-specific vocabulary<\/strong>, with definitions and example sentences, to help you sound more natural and academic in both writing and speaking.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"789\" data-end=\"792\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"161\">IELTS Vocabulary: Education<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"163\" data-end=\"186\">1. <strong data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"184\">Curriculum<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"187\" data-end=\"419\">\n<li data-start=\"187\" data-end=\"263\">\n<p data-start=\"189\" data-end=\"263\"><em data-start=\"189\" data-end=\"201\">Definition<\/em>: The subjects and content taught in a school or university.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"341\">\n<p data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"341\"><em data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"275\">Example<\/em>: The curriculum now includes more emphasis on digital literacy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"419\">\n<p data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"419\"><em data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"358\">Collocations<\/em>: national curriculum, core curriculum, design a curriculum<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"424\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"426\" data-end=\"447\">2. <strong data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"445\">Pedagogy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"655\">\n<li data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"502\">\n<p data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"502\"><em data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"462\">Definition<\/em>: The method and practice of teaching.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"577\">\n<p data-start=\"505\" data-end=\"577\"><em data-start=\"505\" data-end=\"514\">Example<\/em>: Effective pedagogy encourages students to think critically.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"655\">\n<p data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"655\"><em data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"594\">Collocations<\/em>: modern pedagogy, innovative pedagogy, pedagogy techniques<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"657\" data-end=\"660\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"662\" data-end=\"687\">3. <strong data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"685\">Tuition fees<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"920\">\n<li data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"758\">\n<p data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"758\"><em data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"702\">Definition<\/em>: The money paid for education, especially university.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"840\">\n<p data-start=\"761\" data-end=\"840\"><em data-start=\"761\" data-end=\"770\">Example<\/em>: Rising tuition fees discourage many students from applying abroad.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"841\" data-end=\"920\">\n<p data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"920\"><em data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"857\">Collocations<\/em>: pay tuition fees, increase tuition fees, waive tuition fees<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"922\" data-end=\"925\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"927\" data-end=\"951\">4. <strong data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"949\">Scholarship<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"1187\">\n<li data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"1030\">\n<p data-start=\"954\" data-end=\"1030\"><em data-start=\"954\" data-end=\"966\">Definition<\/em>: Financial aid given to a student to support their education.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1031\" data-end=\"1096\">\n<p data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1096\"><em data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1042\">Example<\/em>: She won a scholarship to study medicine in Canada.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1097\" data-end=\"1187\">\n<p data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1187\"><em data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1113\">Collocations<\/em>: academic scholarship, merit-based scholarship, apply for a scholarship<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1192\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1194\" data-end=\"1226\">5. <strong data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1224\">Vocational training<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1450\">\n<li data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1285\">\n<p data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1285\"><em data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1241\">Definition<\/em>: Education focused on job-related skills.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1373\">\n<p data-start=\"1288\" data-end=\"1373\"><em data-start=\"1288\" data-end=\"1297\">Example<\/em>: Vocational training is crucial for students who prefer hands-on careers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1374\" data-end=\"1450\">\n<p data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1450\"><em data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1390\">Collocations<\/em>: vocational skills, vocational courses, vocational school<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1452\" data-end=\"1455\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1457\" data-end=\"1487\">6. <strong data-start=\"1464\" data-end=\"1485\">Lifelong learning<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1695\">\n<li data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1549\">\n<p data-start=\"1490\" data-end=\"1549\"><em data-start=\"1490\" data-end=\"1502\">Definition<\/em>: Continuous education throughout one\u2019s life.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1620\">\n<p data-start=\"1552\" data-end=\"1620\"><em data-start=\"1552\" data-end=\"1561\">Example<\/em>: Lifelong learning helps professionals stay competitive.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1621\" data-end=\"1695\">\n<p data-start=\"1623\" data-end=\"1695\"><em data-start=\"1623\" data-end=\"1637\">Collocations<\/em>: promote lifelong learning, encourage lifelong learning<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1700\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1727\">7. <strong data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1725\">Dropout rate<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1953\">\n<li data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1814\">\n<p data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1814\"><em data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1742\">Definition<\/em>: The percentage of students who leave education before completing it.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1815\" data-end=\"1881\">\n<p data-start=\"1817\" data-end=\"1881\"><em data-start=\"1817\" data-end=\"1826\">Example<\/em>: The high dropout rate in rural areas is concerning.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1882\" data-end=\"1953\">\n<p data-start=\"1884\" data-end=\"1953\"><em data-start=\"1884\" data-end=\"1898\">Collocations<\/em>: school dropout, reduce dropout rate, dropout crisis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1955\" data-end=\"1958\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1960\" data-end=\"1993\">8. <strong data-start=\"1967\" data-end=\"1991\">Compulsory education<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2209\">\n<li data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2046\">\n<p data-start=\"1996\" data-end=\"2046\"><em data-start=\"1996\" data-end=\"2008\">Definition<\/em>: Education that is required by law.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2047\" data-end=\"2116\">\n<p data-start=\"2049\" data-end=\"2116\"><em data-start=\"2049\" data-end=\"2058\">Example<\/em>: Most countries have compulsory education until age 16.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2117\" data-end=\"2209\">\n<p data-start=\"2119\" data-end=\"2209\"><em data-start=\"2119\" data-end=\"2133\">Collocations<\/em>: extend compulsory education, compulsory schooling, compulsory attendance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2211\" data-end=\"2214\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2216\" data-end=\"2255\">9. <strong data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2253\">Extracurricular activities<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2502\">\n<li data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2329\">\n<p data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2329\"><em data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2270\">Definition<\/em>: Non-academic activities such as sports, clubs, or arts.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2330\" data-end=\"2414\">\n<p data-start=\"2332\" data-end=\"2414\"><em data-start=\"2332\" data-end=\"2341\">Example<\/em>: Universities value students who engage in extracurricular activities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2415\" data-end=\"2502\">\n<p data-start=\"2417\" data-end=\"2502\"><em data-start=\"2417\" data-end=\"2431\">Collocations<\/em>: join extracurricular activities, promote extracurricular activities<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2504\" data-end=\"2507\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2509\" data-end=\"2540\">10. <strong data-start=\"2517\" data-end=\"2538\">Distance learning<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2541\" data-end=\"2763\">\n<li data-start=\"2541\" data-end=\"2623\">\n<p data-start=\"2543\" data-end=\"2623\"><em data-start=\"2543\" data-end=\"2555\">Definition<\/em>: Studying without attending a physical classroom, usually online.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2624\" data-end=\"2692\">\n<p data-start=\"2626\" data-end=\"2692\"><em data-start=\"2626\" data-end=\"2635\">Example<\/em>: Distance learning became popular during the pandemic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2693\" data-end=\"2763\">\n<p data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2763\"><em data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2709\">Collocations<\/em>: online distance learning, pursue distance learning<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2765\" data-end=\"2768\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2770\" data-end=\"2805\">11. <strong data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"2803\">Continuous assessment<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2806\" data-end=\"3057\">\n<li data-start=\"2806\" data-end=\"2892\">\n<p data-start=\"2808\" data-end=\"2892\"><em data-start=\"2808\" data-end=\"2820\">Definition<\/em>: Regular evaluation through assignments and projects, not just exams.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2893\" data-end=\"2974\">\n<p data-start=\"2895\" data-end=\"2974\"><em data-start=\"2895\" data-end=\"2904\">Example<\/em>: Continuous assessment provides a more accurate measure of ability.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2975\" data-end=\"3057\">\n<p data-start=\"2977\" data-end=\"3057\"><em data-start=\"2977\" data-end=\"2991\">Collocations<\/em>: introduce continuous assessment, rely on continuous assessment<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3059\" data-end=\"3062\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3064\" data-end=\"3097\">12. <strong data-start=\"3072\" data-end=\"3095\">Knowledge retention<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3098\" data-end=\"3301\">\n<li data-start=\"3098\" data-end=\"3168\">\n<p data-start=\"3100\" data-end=\"3168\"><em data-start=\"3100\" data-end=\"3112\">Definition<\/em>: The ability to remember and use learned information.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3169\" data-end=\"3234\">\n<p data-start=\"3171\" data-end=\"3234\"><em data-start=\"3171\" data-end=\"3180\">Example<\/em>: Visual aids improve students\u2019 knowledge retention.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3235\" data-end=\"3301\">\n<p data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3301\"><em data-start=\"3237\" data-end=\"3251\">Collocations<\/em>: enhance retention, measure knowledge retention<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3303\" data-end=\"3306\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3308\" data-end=\"3347\">13. <strong data-start=\"3316\" data-end=\"3345\">Teacher-centered approach<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3348\" data-end=\"3587\">\n<li data-start=\"3348\" data-end=\"3419\">\n<p data-start=\"3350\" data-end=\"3419\"><em data-start=\"3350\" data-end=\"3362\">Definition<\/em>: A teaching style where the teacher controls learning.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3420\" data-end=\"3494\">\n<p data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3494\"><em data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3431\">Example<\/em>: The teacher-centered approach often discourages creativity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3495\" data-end=\"3587\">\n<p data-start=\"3497\" data-end=\"3587\"><em data-start=\"3497\" data-end=\"3511\">Collocations<\/em>: adopt a teacher-centered approach, traditional teacher-centered learning<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3589\" data-end=\"3592\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3594\" data-end=\"3621\">14. <strong data-start=\"3602\" data-end=\"3619\">Peer learning<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3622\" data-end=\"3813\">\n<li data-start=\"3622\" data-end=\"3674\">\n<p data-start=\"3624\" data-end=\"3674\"><em data-start=\"3624\" data-end=\"3636\">Definition<\/em>: Students learning from each other.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3675\" data-end=\"3747\">\n<p data-start=\"3677\" data-end=\"3747\"><em data-start=\"3677\" data-end=\"3686\">Example<\/em>: Peer learning improves communication and teamwork skills.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3748\" data-end=\"3813\">\n<p data-start=\"3750\" data-end=\"3813\"><em data-start=\"3750\" data-end=\"3764\">Collocations<\/em>: encourage peer learning, peer learning groups<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3815\" data-end=\"3818\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3820\" data-end=\"3847\">15. <strong data-start=\"3828\" data-end=\"3845\">Literacy rate<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"4053\">\n<li data-start=\"3848\" data-end=\"3914\">\n<p data-start=\"3850\" data-end=\"3914\"><em data-start=\"3850\" data-end=\"3862\">Definition<\/em>: The percentage of people who can read and write.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3915\" data-end=\"3987\">\n<p data-start=\"3917\" data-end=\"3987\"><em data-start=\"3917\" data-end=\"3926\">Example<\/em>: Literacy rates are an important indicator of development.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3988\" data-end=\"4053\">\n<p data-start=\"3990\" data-end=\"4053\"><em data-start=\"3990\" data-end=\"4004\">Collocations<\/em>: improve literacy rate, national literacy rate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4055\" data-end=\"4058\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4085\">16. <strong data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4083\">Brain drain<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4086\" data-end=\"4352\">\n<li data-start=\"4086\" data-end=\"4177\">\n<p data-start=\"4088\" data-end=\"4177\"><em data-start=\"4088\" data-end=\"4100\">Definition<\/em>: The emigration of educated or skilled people from one country to another.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4178\" data-end=\"4271\">\n<p data-start=\"4180\" data-end=\"4271\"><em data-start=\"4180\" data-end=\"4189\">Example<\/em>: Developing countries suffer from brain drain when their graduates move abroad.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4272\" data-end=\"4352\">\n<p data-start=\"4274\" data-end=\"4352\"><em data-start=\"4274\" data-end=\"4288\">Collocations<\/em>: prevent brain drain, massive brain drain, brain drain crisis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4354\" data-end=\"4357\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4359\" data-end=\"4393\">17. <strong data-start=\"4367\" data-end=\"4391\">Academic achievement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4394\" data-end=\"4638\">\n<li data-start=\"4394\" data-end=\"4471\">\n<p data-start=\"4396\" data-end=\"4471\"><em data-start=\"4396\" data-end=\"4408\">Definition<\/em>: Success in education, usually measured by grades or awards.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4472\" data-end=\"4559\">\n<p data-start=\"4474\" data-end=\"4559\"><em data-start=\"4474\" data-end=\"4483\">Example<\/em>: Academic achievement is influenced by both intelligence and environment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4560\" data-end=\"4638\">\n<p data-start=\"4562\" data-end=\"4638\"><em data-start=\"4562\" data-end=\"4576\">Collocations<\/em>: measure academic achievement, improve academic achievement<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4640\" data-end=\"4643\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4645\" data-end=\"4681\">18. <strong data-start=\"4653\" data-end=\"4679\">Educational inequality<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4682\" data-end=\"4899\">\n<li data-start=\"4682\" data-end=\"4743\">\n<p data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4743\"><em data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4696\">Definition<\/em>: Unequal access to education between groups.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4744\" data-end=\"4817\">\n<p data-start=\"4746\" data-end=\"4817\"><em data-start=\"4746\" data-end=\"4755\">Example<\/em>: Educational inequality remains a challenge in rural areas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4818\" data-end=\"4899\">\n<p data-start=\"4820\" data-end=\"4899\"><em data-start=\"4820\" data-end=\"4834\">Collocations<\/em>: address educational inequality, reduce educational inequality<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4901\" data-end=\"4904\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4906\" data-end=\"4940\">19. <strong data-start=\"4914\" data-end=\"4938\">Standardized testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4941\" data-end=\"5181\">\n<li data-start=\"4941\" data-end=\"5023\">\n<p data-start=\"4943\" data-end=\"5023\"><em data-start=\"4943\" data-end=\"4955\">Definition<\/em>: Exams given in the same format to compare students\u2019 performance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5024\" data-end=\"5100\">\n<p data-start=\"5026\" data-end=\"5100\"><em data-start=\"5026\" data-end=\"5035\">Example<\/em>: Standardized testing is often criticized for creating stress.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5101\" data-end=\"5181\">\n<p data-start=\"5103\" data-end=\"5181\"><em data-start=\"5103\" data-end=\"5117\">Collocations<\/em>: introduce standardized testing, abolish standardized testing<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"5183\" data-end=\"5186\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"5188\" data-end=\"5218\">20. <strong data-start=\"5196\" data-end=\"5216\">Higher education<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5444\">\n<li data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5296\">\n<p data-start=\"5221\" data-end=\"5296\"><em data-start=\"5221\" data-end=\"5233\">Definition<\/em>: Education beyond secondary school, usually at a university.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5297\" data-end=\"5372\">\n<p data-start=\"5299\" data-end=\"5372\"><em data-start=\"5299\" data-end=\"5308\">Example<\/em>: Higher education is becoming essential for well-paying jobs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5373\" data-end=\"5444\">\n<p data-start=\"5375\" data-end=\"5444\"><em data-start=\"5375\" data-end=\"5389\">Collocations<\/em>: pursue higher education, access to higher education<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1992\" data-end=\"1995\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"132\" data-end=\"180\">IELTS Vocabulary: Technology<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"182\" data-end=\"223\">1. <strong data-start=\"189\" data-end=\"221\">Artificial Intelligence (AI)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"224\" data-end=\"429\">\n<li data-start=\"224\" data-end=\"289\">\n<p data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"289\"><em data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"238\">Definition<\/em>: Computer systems simulating human intelligence.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"290\" data-end=\"364\">\n<p data-start=\"292\" data-end=\"364\"><em data-start=\"292\" data-end=\"301\">Example<\/em>: Artificial intelligence is being used in medical diagnosis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"429\">\n<p data-start=\"367\" data-end=\"429\"><em data-start=\"367\" data-end=\"381\">Collocations<\/em>: develop AI, AI-powered tools, advances in AI<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"434\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"459\">2. <strong data-start=\"443\" data-end=\"457\">Automation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"694\">\n<li data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"531\">\n<p data-start=\"462\" data-end=\"531\"><em data-start=\"462\" data-end=\"474\">Definition<\/em>: Use of machines to perform tasks without human input.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"532\" data-end=\"609\">\n<p data-start=\"534\" data-end=\"609\"><em data-start=\"534\" data-end=\"543\">Example<\/em>: Automation has replaced many repetitive jobs in manufacturing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"610\" data-end=\"694\">\n<p data-start=\"612\" data-end=\"694\"><em data-start=\"612\" data-end=\"626\">Collocations<\/em>: process automation, industrial automation, automation technology<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"696\" data-end=\"699\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"728\">3. <strong data-start=\"708\" data-end=\"726\">Digital divide<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"960\">\n<li data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"815\">\n<p data-start=\"731\" data-end=\"815\"><em data-start=\"731\" data-end=\"743\">Definition<\/em>: The gap between those with and without access to digital technology.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"889\">\n<p data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"889\"><em data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"827\">Example<\/em>: The digital divide is particularly evident in rural areas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"960\">\n<p data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"960\"><em data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"906\">Collocations<\/em>: close the digital divide, widen the digital divide<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"965\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"993\">4. <strong data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"991\">Cybersecurity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1235\">\n<li data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1067\">\n<p data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1067\"><em data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1008\">Definition<\/em>: Measures taken to protect systems from digital attacks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1146\">\n<p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1146\"><em data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1079\">Example<\/em>: Banks invest heavily in cybersecurity to protect customer data.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1235\">\n<p data-start=\"1149\" data-end=\"1235\"><em data-start=\"1149\" data-end=\"1163\">Collocations<\/em>: strengthen cybersecurity, cybersecurity breach, cybersecurity threat<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1237\" data-end=\"1240\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1242\" data-end=\"1265\">5. <strong data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1263\">E-commerce<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1454\">\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1316\">\n<p data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1316\"><em data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1280\">Definition<\/em>: Buying and selling goods online.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1317\" data-end=\"1376\">\n<p data-start=\"1319\" data-end=\"1376\"><em data-start=\"1319\" data-end=\"1328\">Example<\/em>: E-commerce grew rapidly during the pandemic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1377\" data-end=\"1454\">\n<p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1454\"><em data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1393\">Collocations<\/em>: e-commerce platform, expand e-commerce, global e-commerce<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1459\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1484\">6. <strong data-start=\"1468\" data-end=\"1482\">Innovation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1692\">\n<li data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1535\">\n<p data-start=\"1487\" data-end=\"1535\"><em data-start=\"1487\" data-end=\"1499\">Definition<\/em>: New methods, ideas, or products.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1536\" data-end=\"1603\">\n<p data-start=\"1538\" data-end=\"1603\"><em data-start=\"1538\" data-end=\"1547\">Example<\/em>: Innovation drives progress in the technology sector.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1604\" data-end=\"1692\">\n<p data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1692\"><em data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1620\">Collocations<\/em>: technological innovation, foster innovation, breakthrough innovation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1694\" data-end=\"1697\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1699\" data-end=\"1727\">7. <strong data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"1725\">Cloud computing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1963\">\n<li data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1820\">\n<p data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1820\"><em data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1742\">Definition<\/em>: Storing and accessing data over the internet rather than on local devices.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1821\" data-end=\"1895\">\n<p data-start=\"1823\" data-end=\"1895\"><em data-start=\"1823\" data-end=\"1832\">Example<\/em>: Cloud computing allows companies to scale their operations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1896\" data-end=\"1963\">\n<p data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"1963\"><em data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"1912\">Collocations<\/em>: adopt cloud computing, cloud computing services<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1965\" data-end=\"1968\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"1991\">8. <strong data-start=\"1977\" data-end=\"1989\">Big data<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1992\" data-end=\"2213\">\n<li data-start=\"1992\" data-end=\"2074\">\n<p data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2074\"><em data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"2006\">Definition<\/em>: Extremely large datasets analyzed to reveal patterns and trends.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2075\" data-end=\"2136\">\n<p data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2136\"><em data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2086\">Example<\/em>: Big data is used to predict consumer behavior.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2137\" data-end=\"2213\">\n<p data-start=\"2139\" data-end=\"2213\"><em data-start=\"2139\" data-end=\"2153\">Collocations<\/em>: analyze big data, big data analytics, big data solutions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2215\" data-end=\"2218\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2220\" data-end=\"2245\">9. <strong data-start=\"2227\" data-end=\"2243\">Surveillance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2246\" data-end=\"2477\">\n<li data-start=\"2246\" data-end=\"2332\">\n<p data-start=\"2248\" data-end=\"2332\"><em data-start=\"2248\" data-end=\"2260\">Definition<\/em>: Monitoring of people\u2019s activities, often by government or companies.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2392\">\n<p data-start=\"2335\" data-end=\"2392\"><em data-start=\"2335\" data-end=\"2344\">Example<\/em>: Online surveillance raises privacy concerns.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2393\" data-end=\"2477\">\n<p data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2477\"><em data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2409\">Collocations<\/em>: government surveillance, mass surveillance, digital surveillance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2479\" data-end=\"2482\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2484\" data-end=\"2514\">10. <strong data-start=\"2492\" data-end=\"2512\">Digital literacy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2515\" data-end=\"2726\">\n<li data-start=\"2515\" data-end=\"2592\">\n<p data-start=\"2517\" data-end=\"2592\"><em data-start=\"2517\" data-end=\"2529\">Definition<\/em>: The ability to effectively use digital tools and platforms.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2656\">\n<p data-start=\"2595\" data-end=\"2656\"><em data-start=\"2595\" data-end=\"2604\">Example<\/em>: Digital literacy is now essential for most jobs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2657\" data-end=\"2726\">\n<p data-start=\"2659\" data-end=\"2726\"><em data-start=\"2659\" data-end=\"2673\">Collocations<\/em>: improve digital literacy, digital literacy skills<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2728\" data-end=\"2731\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2733\" data-end=\"2759\">11. <strong data-start=\"2741\" data-end=\"2757\">Data privacy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2760\" data-end=\"2995\">\n<li data-start=\"2760\" data-end=\"2831\">\n<p data-start=\"2762\" data-end=\"2831\"><em data-start=\"2762\" data-end=\"2774\">Definition<\/em>: The protection of personal information shared online.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2832\" data-end=\"2913\">\n<p data-start=\"2834\" data-end=\"2913\"><em data-start=\"2834\" data-end=\"2843\">Example<\/em>: Social media companies are under pressure to improve data privacy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2914\" data-end=\"2995\">\n<p data-start=\"2916\" data-end=\"2995\"><em data-start=\"2916\" data-end=\"2930\">Collocations<\/em>: ensure data privacy, data privacy laws, data privacy concerns<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2997\" data-end=\"3000\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3002\" data-end=\"3022\">12. <strong data-start=\"3010\" data-end=\"3020\">Gadget<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3023\" data-end=\"3210\">\n<li data-start=\"3023\" data-end=\"3070\">\n<p data-start=\"3025\" data-end=\"3070\"><em data-start=\"3025\" data-end=\"3037\">Definition<\/em>: A small technological device.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3071\" data-end=\"3139\">\n<p data-start=\"3073\" data-end=\"3139\"><em data-start=\"3073\" data-end=\"3082\">Example<\/em>: Smartphones are indispensable gadgets in modern life.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3140\" data-end=\"3210\">\n<p data-start=\"3142\" data-end=\"3210\"><em data-start=\"3142\" data-end=\"3156\">Collocations<\/em>: electronic gadget, latest gadget, gadget addiction<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3212\" data-end=\"3215\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3217\" data-end=\"3250\">13. <strong data-start=\"3225\" data-end=\"3248\">Wearable technology<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3251\" data-end=\"3452\">\n<li data-start=\"3251\" data-end=\"3305\">\n<p data-start=\"3253\" data-end=\"3305\"><em data-start=\"3253\" data-end=\"3265\">Definition<\/em>: Electronic devices worn on the body.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3306\" data-end=\"3375\">\n<p data-start=\"3308\" data-end=\"3375\"><em data-start=\"3308\" data-end=\"3317\">Example<\/em>: Wearable technology helps people monitor their health.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3376\" data-end=\"3452\">\n<p data-start=\"3378\" data-end=\"3452\"><em data-start=\"3378\" data-end=\"3392\">Collocations<\/em>: wearable devices, wearable health technology, smartwatch<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3454\" data-end=\"3457\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3459\" data-end=\"3493\">14. <strong data-start=\"3467\" data-end=\"3491\">Virtual reality (VR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3494\" data-end=\"3724\">\n<li data-start=\"3494\" data-end=\"3562\">\n<p data-start=\"3496\" data-end=\"3562\"><em data-start=\"3496\" data-end=\"3508\">Definition<\/em>: Computer-generated simulation of a 3D environment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3650\">\n<p data-start=\"3565\" data-end=\"3650\"><em data-start=\"3565\" data-end=\"3574\">Example<\/em>: Virtual reality is being used in education to create immersive learning.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3651\" data-end=\"3724\">\n<p data-start=\"3653\" data-end=\"3724\"><em data-start=\"3653\" data-end=\"3667\">Collocations<\/em>: VR headset, virtual reality experience, VR technology<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3726\" data-end=\"3729\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3731\" data-end=\"3767\">15. <strong data-start=\"3739\" data-end=\"3765\">Augmented reality (AR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3768\" data-end=\"3990\">\n<li data-start=\"3768\" data-end=\"3846\">\n<p data-start=\"3770\" data-end=\"3846\"><em data-start=\"3770\" data-end=\"3782\">Definition<\/em>: Technology overlaying digital information on the real world.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3847\" data-end=\"3917\">\n<p data-start=\"3849\" data-end=\"3917\"><em data-start=\"3849\" data-end=\"3858\">Example<\/em>: Augmented reality apps are popular in retail marketing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"3990\">\n<p data-start=\"3920\" data-end=\"3990\"><em data-start=\"3920\" data-end=\"3934\">Collocations<\/em>: AR applications, augmented reality game, AR features<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3992\" data-end=\"3995\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3997\" data-end=\"4035\">16. <strong data-start=\"4005\" data-end=\"4033\">Biometric authentication<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4036\" data-end=\"4263\">\n<li data-start=\"4036\" data-end=\"4114\">\n<p data-start=\"4038\" data-end=\"4114\"><em data-start=\"4038\" data-end=\"4050\">Definition<\/em>: Security system using fingerprints, facial recognition, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4115\" data-end=\"4180\">\n<p data-start=\"4117\" data-end=\"4180\"><em data-start=\"4117\" data-end=\"4126\">Example<\/em>: Biometric authentication is common in smartphones.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4181\" data-end=\"4263\">\n<p data-start=\"4183\" data-end=\"4263\"><em data-start=\"4183\" data-end=\"4197\">Collocations<\/em>: fingerprint authentication, biometric data, biometric security<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4265\" data-end=\"4268\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4270\" data-end=\"4300\">17. <strong data-start=\"4278\" data-end=\"4298\">Smart technology<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4301\" data-end=\"4519\">\n<li data-start=\"4301\" data-end=\"4388\">\n<p data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4388\"><em data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4315\">Definition<\/em>: Devices connected to the internet and able to interact intelligently.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4389\" data-end=\"4455\">\n<p data-start=\"4391\" data-end=\"4455\"><em data-start=\"4391\" data-end=\"4400\">Example<\/em>: Smart technology makes homes more energy-efficient.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4456\" data-end=\"4519\">\n<p data-start=\"4458\" data-end=\"4519\"><em data-start=\"4458\" data-end=\"4472\">Collocations<\/em>: smart home, smart appliances, smart devices<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4521\" data-end=\"4524\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4526\" data-end=\"4550\">18. <strong data-start=\"4534\" data-end=\"4548\">Blockchain<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4551\" data-end=\"4762\">\n<li data-start=\"4551\" data-end=\"4611\">\n<p data-start=\"4553\" data-end=\"4611\"><em data-start=\"4553\" data-end=\"4565\">Definition<\/em>: A decentralized digital ledger technology.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4612\" data-end=\"4676\">\n<p data-start=\"4614\" data-end=\"4676\"><em data-start=\"4614\" data-end=\"4623\">Example<\/em>: Blockchain is the foundation of cryptocurrencies.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4677\" data-end=\"4762\">\n<p data-start=\"4679\" data-end=\"4762\"><em data-start=\"4679\" data-end=\"4693\">Collocations<\/em>: blockchain technology, blockchain platform, blockchain innovation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4764\" data-end=\"4767\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4769\" data-end=\"4805\">19. <strong data-start=\"4777\" data-end=\"4803\">Digital transformation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4806\" data-end=\"5051\">\n<li data-start=\"4806\" data-end=\"4891\">\n<p data-start=\"4808\" data-end=\"4891\"><em data-start=\"4808\" data-end=\"4820\">Definition<\/em>: The integration of digital technologies into all areas of business.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4892\" data-end=\"4967\">\n<p data-start=\"4894\" data-end=\"4967\"><em data-start=\"4894\" data-end=\"4903\">Example<\/em>: Digital transformation is a priority for many organizations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"5051\">\n<p data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"5051\"><em data-start=\"4970\" data-end=\"4984\">Collocations<\/em>: drive digital transformation, successful digital transformation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"5053\" data-end=\"5056\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"5058\" data-end=\"5094\">20. <strong data-start=\"5066\" data-end=\"5080\">Tech-savvy<\/strong> (adjective)<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5304\">\n<li data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5165\">\n<p data-start=\"5097\" data-end=\"5165\"><em data-start=\"5097\" data-end=\"5109\">Definition<\/em>: Having strong knowledge and ability with technology.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5166\" data-end=\"5243\">\n<p data-start=\"5168\" data-end=\"5243\"><em data-start=\"5168\" data-end=\"5177\">Example<\/em>: Employers value tech-savvy employees in almost every industry.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5244\" data-end=\"5304\">\n<p data-start=\"5246\" data-end=\"5304\"><em data-start=\"5246\" data-end=\"5260\">Collocations<\/em>: tech-savvy generation, become tech-savvy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3211\" data-end=\"3214\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"105\" data-end=\"149\">IELTS Vocabulary: Health<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"179\">1. <strong data-start=\"158\" data-end=\"177\">Preventive care<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"180\" data-end=\"399\">\n<li data-start=\"180\" data-end=\"243\">\n<p data-start=\"182\" data-end=\"243\"><em data-start=\"182\" data-end=\"194\">Definition<\/em>: Medical services aimed at preventing illness.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"244\" data-end=\"315\">\n<p data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"315\"><em data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"255\">Example<\/em>: Preventive care helps reduce long-term healthcare costs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"399\">\n<p data-start=\"318\" data-end=\"399\"><em data-start=\"318\" data-end=\"332\">Collocations<\/em>: preventive measures, preventive healthcare, preventive medicine<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"404\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"406\" data-end=\"428\">2. <strong data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"426\">Nutrition<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"637\">\n<li data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"498\">\n<p data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"498\"><em data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"443\">Definition<\/em>: The process of obtaining necessary food for health.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"564\">\n<p data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"564\"><em data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"510\">Example<\/em>: Good nutrition is essential for child development.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"565\" data-end=\"637\">\n<p data-start=\"567\" data-end=\"637\"><em data-start=\"567\" data-end=\"581\">Collocations<\/em>: balanced nutrition, poor nutrition, nutrition intake<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"639\" data-end=\"642\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"664\">3. <strong data-start=\"651\" data-end=\"662\">Obesity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"880\">\n<li data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"725\">\n<p data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"725\"><em data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"679\">Definition<\/em>: The state of being dangerously overweight.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"798\">\n<p data-start=\"728\" data-end=\"798\"><em data-start=\"728\" data-end=\"737\">Example<\/em>: Obesity increases the risk of diabetes and heart disease.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"880\">\n<p data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"880\"><em data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"815\">Collocations<\/em>: childhood obesity, obesity epidemic, obesity-related diseases<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"885\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"913\">4. <strong data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"911\">Mental health<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"914\" data-end=\"1106\">\n<li data-start=\"914\" data-end=\"957\">\n<p data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"957\"><em data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"928\">Definition<\/em>: Psychological well-being.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"958\" data-end=\"1020\">\n<p data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1020\"><em data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"969\">Example<\/em>: Stress management is crucial for mental health.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1106\">\n<p data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1106\"><em data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1037\">Collocations<\/em>: mental health issue, mental health support, improve mental health<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1111\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1145\">5. <strong data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1143\">Sedentary lifestyle<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1146\" data-end=\"1361\">\n<li data-start=\"1146\" data-end=\"1212\">\n<p data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1212\"><em data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1160\">Definition<\/em>: A lifestyle with little or no physical activity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1281\">\n<p data-start=\"1215\" data-end=\"1281\"><em data-start=\"1215\" data-end=\"1224\">Example<\/em>: A sedentary lifestyle often leads to health problems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1282\" data-end=\"1361\">\n<p data-start=\"1284\" data-end=\"1361\"><em data-start=\"1284\" data-end=\"1298\">Collocations<\/em>: lead a sedentary lifestyle, sedentary job, sedentary habits<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1363\" data-end=\"1366\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1368\" data-end=\"1389\">6. <strong data-start=\"1375\" data-end=\"1387\">Epidemic<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1603\">\n<li data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1458\">\n<p data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1458\"><em data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1404\">Definition<\/em>: A widespread outbreak of a disease in a community.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1459\" data-end=\"1520\">\n<p data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1520\"><em data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1470\">Example<\/em>: The flu epidemic affected thousands of people.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1521\" data-end=\"1603\">\n<p data-start=\"1523\" data-end=\"1603\"><em data-start=\"1523\" data-end=\"1537\">Collocations<\/em>: control an epidemic, outbreak of an epidemic, epidemic disease<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1605\" data-end=\"1608\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1610\" data-end=\"1631\">7. <strong data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1629\">Pandemic<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1829\">\n<li data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1681\">\n<p data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1681\"><em data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1646\">Definition<\/em>: A global outbreak of a disease.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1682\" data-end=\"1747\">\n<p data-start=\"1684\" data-end=\"1747\"><em data-start=\"1684\" data-end=\"1693\">Example<\/em>: The COVID-19 pandemic changed people\u2019s lifestyles.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1748\" data-end=\"1829\">\n<p data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1829\"><em data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1764\">Collocations<\/em>: global pandemic, pandemic restrictions, pandemic preparedness<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1831\" data-end=\"1834\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1866\">8. <strong data-start=\"1843\" data-end=\"1864\">Healthcare system<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1867\" data-end=\"2077\">\n<li data-start=\"1867\" data-end=\"1935\">\n<p data-start=\"1869\" data-end=\"1935\"><em data-start=\"1869\" data-end=\"1881\">Definition<\/em>: The organization of medical services in a country.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1936\" data-end=\"2002\">\n<p data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"2002\"><em data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"1947\">Example<\/em>: A universal healthcare system ensures equal access.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2003\" data-end=\"2077\">\n<p data-start=\"2005\" data-end=\"2077\"><em data-start=\"2005\" data-end=\"2019\">Collocations<\/em>: public healthcare system, reform the healthcare system<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2079\" data-end=\"2082\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2084\" data-end=\"2112\">9. <strong data-start=\"2091\" data-end=\"2110\">Life expectancy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2332\">\n<li data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2188\">\n<p data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2188\"><em data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2127\">Definition<\/em>: The average number of years a person is expected to live.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2189\" data-end=\"2262\">\n<p data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2262\"><em data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2200\">Example<\/em>: Improvements in healthcare have increased life expectancy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2263\" data-end=\"2332\">\n<p data-start=\"2265\" data-end=\"2332\"><em data-start=\"2265\" data-end=\"2279\">Collocations<\/em>: increase life expectancy, average life expectancy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2337\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2364\">10. <strong data-start=\"2347\" data-end=\"2362\">Vaccination<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2365\" data-end=\"2582\">\n<li data-start=\"2365\" data-end=\"2438\">\n<p data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2438\"><em data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2379\">Definition<\/em>: The act of giving a vaccine to protect against disease.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2439\" data-end=\"2500\">\n<p data-start=\"2441\" data-end=\"2500\"><em data-start=\"2441\" data-end=\"2450\">Example<\/em>: Vaccination programs have eliminated smallpox.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2501\" data-end=\"2582\">\n<p data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2582\"><em data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2517\">Collocations<\/em>: mass vaccination, receive a vaccination, vaccination campaign<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2584\" data-end=\"2587\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2616\">11. <strong data-start=\"2597\" data-end=\"2614\">Immune system<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2617\" data-end=\"2810\">\n<li data-start=\"2617\" data-end=\"2670\">\n<p data-start=\"2619\" data-end=\"2670\"><em data-start=\"2619\" data-end=\"2631\">Definition<\/em>: The body\u2019s defense against disease.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2731\">\n<p data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2731\"><em data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2682\">Example<\/em>: A healthy diet strengthens the immune system.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2732\" data-end=\"2810\">\n<p data-start=\"2734\" data-end=\"2810\"><em data-start=\"2734\" data-end=\"2748\">Collocations<\/em>: boost immune system, weaken immune system, immune response<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2812\" data-end=\"2815\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2817\" data-end=\"2840\">12. <strong data-start=\"2825\" data-end=\"2838\">Addiction<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"3051\">\n<li data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2918\">\n<p data-start=\"2843\" data-end=\"2918\"><em data-start=\"2843\" data-end=\"2855\">Definition<\/em>: Being unable to stop using a harmful substance or activity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2919\" data-end=\"2977\">\n<p data-start=\"2921\" data-end=\"2977\"><em data-start=\"2921\" data-end=\"2930\">Example<\/em>: Addiction to smoking can cause lung cancer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2978\" data-end=\"3051\">\n<p data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"3051\"><em data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"2994\">Collocations<\/em>: drug addiction, alcohol addiction, internet addiction<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3053\" data-end=\"3056\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3058\" data-end=\"3086\">13. <strong data-start=\"3066\" data-end=\"3084\">Rehabilitation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3087\" data-end=\"3307\">\n<li data-start=\"3087\" data-end=\"3148\">\n<p data-start=\"3089\" data-end=\"3148\"><em data-start=\"3089\" data-end=\"3101\">Definition<\/em>: Treatment to restore health or normal life.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3149\" data-end=\"3218\">\n<p data-start=\"3151\" data-end=\"3218\"><em data-start=\"3151\" data-end=\"3160\">Example<\/em>: He attended a rehabilitation center after his surgery.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3219\" data-end=\"3307\">\n<p data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3307\"><em data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3235\">Collocations<\/em>: rehabilitation program, physical rehabilitation, drug rehabilitation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3309\" data-end=\"3312\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3314\" data-end=\"3351\">14. <strong data-start=\"3322\" data-end=\"3349\">Healthcare professional<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3581\">\n<li data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3408\">\n<p data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3408\"><em data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3366\">Definition<\/em>: A trained worker in the medical field.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3409\" data-end=\"3491\">\n<p data-start=\"3411\" data-end=\"3491\"><em data-start=\"3411\" data-end=\"3420\">Example<\/em>: Healthcare professionals are under great pressure during pandemics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3492\" data-end=\"3581\">\n<p data-start=\"3494\" data-end=\"3581\"><em data-start=\"3494\" data-end=\"3508\">Collocations<\/em>: qualified healthcare professional, frontline healthcare professionals<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3583\" data-end=\"3586\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3588\" data-end=\"3622\">15. <strong data-start=\"3596\" data-end=\"3620\">Alternative medicine<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3623\" data-end=\"3836\">\n<li data-start=\"3623\" data-end=\"3683\">\n<p data-start=\"3625\" data-end=\"3683\"><em data-start=\"3625\" data-end=\"3637\">Definition<\/em>: Treatments outside of mainstream medicine.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3684\" data-end=\"3756\">\n<p data-start=\"3686\" data-end=\"3756\"><em data-start=\"3686\" data-end=\"3695\">Example<\/em>: Many people use alternative medicine such as acupuncture.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3757\" data-end=\"3836\">\n<p data-start=\"3759\" data-end=\"3836\"><em data-start=\"3759\" data-end=\"3773\">Collocations<\/em>: practice alternative medicine, alternative medicine therapy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3838\" data-end=\"3841\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3872\">16. <strong data-start=\"3851\" data-end=\"3870\">Chronic disease<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3873\" data-end=\"4032\">\n<li data-start=\"3873\" data-end=\"3911\">\n<p data-start=\"3875\" data-end=\"3911\"><em data-start=\"3875\" data-end=\"3887\">Definition<\/em>: A long-term illness.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3912\" data-end=\"3964\">\n<p data-start=\"3914\" data-end=\"3964\"><em data-start=\"3914\" data-end=\"3923\">Example<\/em>: Diabetes is a common chronic disease.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3965\" data-end=\"4032\">\n<p data-start=\"3967\" data-end=\"4032\"><em data-start=\"3967\" data-end=\"3981\">Collocations<\/em>: manage chronic disease, chronic disease patient<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4034\" data-end=\"4037\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4039\" data-end=\"4065\">17. <strong data-start=\"4047\" data-end=\"4063\">Malnutrition<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4066\" data-end=\"4281\">\n<li data-start=\"4066\" data-end=\"4138\">\n<p data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4138\"><em data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4080\">Definition<\/em>: Poor health caused by insufficient or unbalanced diet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4139\" data-end=\"4201\">\n<p data-start=\"4141\" data-end=\"4201\"><em data-start=\"4141\" data-end=\"4150\">Example<\/em>: Malnutrition is common in developing countries.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4202\" data-end=\"4281\">\n<p data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4281\"><em data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4218\">Collocations<\/em>: severe malnutrition, child malnutrition, fight malnutrition<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4283\" data-end=\"4286\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4288\" data-end=\"4324\">18. <strong data-start=\"4296\" data-end=\"4322\">Public health campaign<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4325\" data-end=\"4551\">\n<li data-start=\"4325\" data-end=\"4389\">\n<p data-start=\"4327\" data-end=\"4389\"><em data-start=\"4327\" data-end=\"4339\">Definition<\/em>: Organized effort to improve population health.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4390\" data-end=\"4464\">\n<p data-start=\"4392\" data-end=\"4464\"><em data-start=\"4392\" data-end=\"4401\">Example<\/em>: The anti-smoking public health campaign was very effective.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4465\" data-end=\"4551\">\n<p data-start=\"4467\" data-end=\"4551\"><em data-start=\"4467\" data-end=\"4481\">Collocations<\/em>: launch a public health campaign, successful public health campaign<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4553\" data-end=\"4556\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4558\" data-end=\"4596\">19. <strong data-start=\"4566\" data-end=\"4594\">Healthcare accessibility<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4597\" data-end=\"4822\">\n<li data-start=\"4597\" data-end=\"4666\">\n<p data-start=\"4599\" data-end=\"4666\"><em data-start=\"4599\" data-end=\"4611\">Definition<\/em>: The ease with which people can obtain medical care.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4667\" data-end=\"4742\">\n<p data-start=\"4669\" data-end=\"4742\"><em data-start=\"4669\" data-end=\"4678\">Example<\/em>: Rural areas often suffer from poor healthcare accessibility.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4743\" data-end=\"4822\">\n<p data-start=\"4745\" data-end=\"4822\"><em data-start=\"4745\" data-end=\"4759\">Collocations<\/em>: improve healthcare accessibility, lack of healthcare access<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4824\" data-end=\"4827\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4829\" data-end=\"4856\">20. <strong data-start=\"4837\" data-end=\"4854\">Balanced diet<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4857\" data-end=\"5061\">\n<li data-start=\"4857\" data-end=\"4919\">\n<p data-start=\"4859\" data-end=\"4919\"><em data-start=\"4859\" data-end=\"4871\">Definition<\/em>: Eating the right variety and amount of food.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4920\" data-end=\"4993\">\n<p data-start=\"4922\" data-end=\"4993\"><em data-start=\"4922\" data-end=\"4931\">Example<\/em>: A balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, and proteins.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4994\" data-end=\"5061\">\n<p data-start=\"4996\" data-end=\"5061\"><em data-start=\"4996\" data-end=\"5010\">Collocations<\/em>: follow a balanced diet, promote a balanced diet<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4328\" data-end=\"4331\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"140\" data-end=\"189\">IELTS Vocabulary: Environment<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"191\" data-end=\"218\">1. <strong data-start=\"198\" data-end=\"216\">Climate change<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"219\" data-end=\"441\">\n<li data-start=\"219\" data-end=\"289\">\n<p data-start=\"221\" data-end=\"289\"><em data-start=\"221\" data-end=\"233\">Definition<\/em>: Long-term shifts in global temperatures and weather.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"290\" data-end=\"349\">\n<p data-start=\"292\" data-end=\"349\"><em data-start=\"292\" data-end=\"301\">Example<\/em>: Climate change is causing rising sea levels.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"350\" data-end=\"441\">\n<p data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"441\"><em data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"366\">Collocations<\/em>: combat climate change, adapt to climate change, climate change policies<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"443\" data-end=\"446\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"475\">2. <strong data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"473\">Global warming<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"685\">\n<li data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"538\">\n<p data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"538\"><em data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"490\">Definition<\/em>: Increase in the Earth\u2019s average temperature.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"617\">\n<p data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"617\"><em data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"550\">Example<\/em>: Global warming results from excessive greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"618\" data-end=\"685\">\n<p data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"685\"><em data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"634\">Collocations<\/em>: mitigate global warming, global warming effects<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"687\" data-end=\"690\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"692\" data-end=\"721\">3. <strong data-start=\"699\" data-end=\"719\">Renewable energy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"722\" data-end=\"960\">\n<li data-start=\"722\" data-end=\"795\">\n<p data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"795\"><em data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"736\">Definition<\/em>: Energy from natural sources like solar, wind, or water.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"863\">\n<p data-start=\"798\" data-end=\"863\"><em data-start=\"798\" data-end=\"807\">Example<\/em>: Renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"864\" data-end=\"960\">\n<p data-start=\"866\" data-end=\"960\"><em data-start=\"866\" data-end=\"880\">Collocations<\/em>: renewable energy source, invest in renewable energy, renewable energy sector<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"965\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"992\">4. <strong data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"990\">Fossil fuels<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1205\">\n<li data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1051\">\n<p data-start=\"995\" data-end=\"1051\"><em data-start=\"995\" data-end=\"1007\">Definition<\/em>: Natural fuels such as coal, oil, or gas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1117\">\n<p data-start=\"1054\" data-end=\"1117\"><em data-start=\"1054\" data-end=\"1063\">Example<\/em>: Burning fossil fuels contributes to air pollution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1118\" data-end=\"1205\">\n<p data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1205\"><em data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1134\">Collocations<\/em>: rely on fossil fuels, fossil fuel industry, fossil fuel consumption<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1207\" data-end=\"1210\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1241\">5. <strong data-start=\"1219\" data-end=\"1239\">Carbon footprint<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1242\" data-end=\"1474\">\n<li data-start=\"1242\" data-end=\"1328\">\n<p data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1328\"><em data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1256\">Definition<\/em>: The total amount of carbon dioxide emitted by an activity or person.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1329\" data-end=\"1402\">\n<p data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1402\"><em data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1340\">Example<\/em>: Taking public transport helps lower your carbon footprint.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1403\" data-end=\"1474\">\n<p data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1474\"><em data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1419\">Collocations<\/em>: reduce carbon footprint, calculate carbon footprint<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1476\" data-end=\"1479\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1481\" data-end=\"1507\">6. <strong data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1505\">Deforestation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1508\" data-end=\"1713\">\n<li data-start=\"1508\" data-end=\"1557\">\n<p data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1557\"><em data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1522\">Definition<\/em>: Clearing forests for human use.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1624\">\n<p data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1624\"><em data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1569\">Example<\/em>: Deforestation in the Amazon threatens biodiversity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1625\" data-end=\"1713\">\n<p data-start=\"1627\" data-end=\"1713\"><em data-start=\"1627\" data-end=\"1641\">Collocations<\/em>: prevent deforestation, large-scale deforestation, deforestation rate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1715\" data-end=\"1718\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1746\">7. <strong data-start=\"1727\" data-end=\"1744\">Reforestation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1928\">\n<li data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1800\">\n<p data-start=\"1749\" data-end=\"1800\"><em data-start=\"1749\" data-end=\"1761\">Definition<\/em>: Planting trees in deforested areas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1801\" data-end=\"1863\">\n<p data-start=\"1803\" data-end=\"1863\"><em data-start=\"1803\" data-end=\"1812\">Example<\/em>: Reforestation projects help restore ecosystems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1864\" data-end=\"1928\">\n<p data-start=\"1866\" data-end=\"1928\"><em data-start=\"1866\" data-end=\"1880\">Collocations<\/em>: promote reforestation, reforestation program<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1930\" data-end=\"1933\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1935\" data-end=\"1960\">8. <strong data-start=\"1942\" data-end=\"1958\">Biodiversity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1961\" data-end=\"2171\">\n<li data-start=\"1961\" data-end=\"2027\">\n<p data-start=\"1963\" data-end=\"2027\"><em data-start=\"1963\" data-end=\"1975\">Definition<\/em>: The variety of living species in an environment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2028\" data-end=\"2089\">\n<p data-start=\"2030\" data-end=\"2089\"><em data-start=\"2030\" data-end=\"2039\">Example<\/em>: Deforestation leads to a loss of biodiversity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2090\" data-end=\"2171\">\n<p data-start=\"2092\" data-end=\"2171\"><em data-start=\"2092\" data-end=\"2106\">Collocations<\/em>: protect biodiversity, biodiversity hotspot, biodiversity loss<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2173\" data-end=\"2176\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2178\" data-end=\"2209\">9. <strong data-start=\"2185\" data-end=\"2207\">Endangered species<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2210\" data-end=\"2400\">\n<li data-start=\"2210\" data-end=\"2268\">\n<p data-start=\"2212\" data-end=\"2268\"><em data-start=\"2212\" data-end=\"2224\">Definition<\/em>: Animals or plants at risk of extinction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2269\" data-end=\"2328\">\n<p data-start=\"2271\" data-end=\"2328\"><em data-start=\"2271\" data-end=\"2280\">Example<\/em>: Pandas are considered an endangered species.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2329\" data-end=\"2400\">\n<p data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2400\"><em data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2345\">Collocations<\/em>: protect endangered species, endangered species list<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2402\" data-end=\"2405\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2407\" data-end=\"2430\">10. <strong data-start=\"2415\" data-end=\"2428\">Ecosystem<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2431\" data-end=\"2640\">\n<li data-start=\"2431\" data-end=\"2496\">\n<p data-start=\"2433\" data-end=\"2496\"><em data-start=\"2433\" data-end=\"2445\">Definition<\/em>: A community of organisms and their environment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2497\" data-end=\"2562\">\n<p data-start=\"2499\" data-end=\"2562\"><em data-start=\"2499\" data-end=\"2508\">Example<\/em>: Pollution can disrupt the balance of an ecosystem.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2563\" data-end=\"2640\">\n<p data-start=\"2565\" data-end=\"2640\"><em data-start=\"2565\" data-end=\"2579\">Collocations<\/em>: fragile ecosystem, marine ecosystem, ecosystem protection<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2642\" data-end=\"2645\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2647\" data-end=\"2670\">11. <strong data-start=\"2655\" data-end=\"2668\">Pollution<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2851\">\n<li data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2726\">\n<p data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2726\"><em data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2685\">Definition<\/em>: Contamination of air, water, or soil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2727\" data-end=\"2782\">\n<p data-start=\"2729\" data-end=\"2782\"><em data-start=\"2729\" data-end=\"2738\">Example<\/em>: Industrial pollution harms human health.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2783\" data-end=\"2851\">\n<p data-start=\"2785\" data-end=\"2851\"><em data-start=\"2785\" data-end=\"2799\">Collocations<\/em>: air pollution, water pollution, reduce pollution<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2853\" data-end=\"2856\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2858\" data-end=\"2895\">12. <strong data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"2893\">Sustainable development<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2896\" data-end=\"3128\">\n<li data-start=\"2896\" data-end=\"2978\">\n<p data-start=\"2898\" data-end=\"2978\"><em data-start=\"2898\" data-end=\"2910\">Definition<\/em>: Development that meets current needs without harming the future.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2979\" data-end=\"3045\">\n<p data-start=\"2981\" data-end=\"3045\"><em data-start=\"2981\" data-end=\"2990\">Example<\/em>: Governments should promote sustainable development.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3046\" data-end=\"3128\">\n<p data-start=\"3048\" data-end=\"3128\"><em data-start=\"3048\" data-end=\"3062\">Collocations<\/em>: sustainable development goals, achieve sustainable development<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3130\" data-end=\"3133\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3135\" data-end=\"3165\">13. <strong data-start=\"3143\" data-end=\"3163\">Waste management<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3166\" data-end=\"3366\">\n<li data-start=\"3166\" data-end=\"3233\">\n<p data-start=\"3168\" data-end=\"3233\"><em data-start=\"3168\" data-end=\"3180\">Definition<\/em>: The collection, treatment, and disposal of waste.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3234\" data-end=\"3297\">\n<p data-start=\"3236\" data-end=\"3297\"><em data-start=\"3236\" data-end=\"3245\">Example<\/em>: Efficient waste management reduces landfill use.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3298\" data-end=\"3366\">\n<p data-start=\"3300\" data-end=\"3366\"><em data-start=\"3300\" data-end=\"3314\">Collocations<\/em>: proper waste management, waste management system<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3368\" data-end=\"3371\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3373\" data-end=\"3396\">14. <strong data-start=\"3381\" data-end=\"3394\">Recycling<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3397\" data-end=\"3600\">\n<li data-start=\"3397\" data-end=\"3459\">\n<p data-start=\"3399\" data-end=\"3459\"><em data-start=\"3399\" data-end=\"3411\">Definition<\/em>: Processing used materials into new products.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3460\" data-end=\"3525\">\n<p data-start=\"3462\" data-end=\"3525\"><em data-start=\"3462\" data-end=\"3471\">Example<\/em>: Recycling plastic can reduce environmental damage.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3526\" data-end=\"3600\">\n<p data-start=\"3528\" data-end=\"3600\"><em data-start=\"3528\" data-end=\"3542\">Collocations<\/em>: recycling program, encourage recycling, recycling bins<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3602\" data-end=\"3605\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3607\" data-end=\"3637\">15. <strong data-start=\"3615\" data-end=\"3635\">Greenhouse gases<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3638\" data-end=\"3836\">\n<li data-start=\"3638\" data-end=\"3704\">\n<p data-start=\"3640\" data-end=\"3704\"><em data-start=\"3640\" data-end=\"3652\">Definition<\/em>: Gases like CO\u2082 that trap heat in the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3705\" data-end=\"3766\">\n<p data-start=\"3707\" data-end=\"3766\"><em data-start=\"3707\" data-end=\"3716\">Example<\/em>: Greenhouse gas emissions cause global warming.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3767\" data-end=\"3836\">\n<p data-start=\"3769\" data-end=\"3836\"><em data-start=\"3769\" data-end=\"3783\">Collocations<\/em>: reduce greenhouse gases, greenhouse gas emissions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3838\" data-end=\"3841\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3871\">16. <strong data-start=\"3851\" data-end=\"3869\">Sustainability<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3872\" data-end=\"4107\">\n<li data-start=\"3872\" data-end=\"3934\">\n<p data-start=\"3874\" data-end=\"3934\"><em data-start=\"3874\" data-end=\"3886\">Definition<\/em>: The ability to maintain resources long-term.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3935\" data-end=\"4008\">\n<p data-start=\"3937\" data-end=\"4008\"><em data-start=\"3937\" data-end=\"3946\">Example<\/em>: Sustainability is a key principle in environmental policy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4009\" data-end=\"4107\">\n<p data-start=\"4011\" data-end=\"4107\"><em data-start=\"4011\" data-end=\"4025\">Collocations<\/em>: promote sustainability, environmental sustainability, sustainability practices<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4109\" data-end=\"4112\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4114\" data-end=\"4143\">17. <strong data-start=\"4122\" data-end=\"4141\">Overconsumption<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4144\" data-end=\"4343\">\n<li data-start=\"4144\" data-end=\"4199\">\n<p data-start=\"4146\" data-end=\"4199\"><em data-start=\"4146\" data-end=\"4158\">Definition<\/em>: Using resources in excessive amounts.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4200\" data-end=\"4273\">\n<p data-start=\"4202\" data-end=\"4273\"><em data-start=\"4202\" data-end=\"4211\">Example<\/em>: Overconsumption of natural resources threatens our planet.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4274\" data-end=\"4343\">\n<p data-start=\"4276\" data-end=\"4343\"><em data-start=\"4276\" data-end=\"4290\">Collocations<\/em>: reduce overconsumption, overconsumption of energy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4345\" data-end=\"4348\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4350\" data-end=\"4383\">18. <strong data-start=\"4358\" data-end=\"4381\">Renewable resources<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4384\" data-end=\"4572\">\n<li data-start=\"4384\" data-end=\"4444\">\n<p data-start=\"4386\" data-end=\"4444\"><em data-start=\"4386\" data-end=\"4398\">Definition<\/em>: Natural resources that can be replenished.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4445\" data-end=\"4499\">\n<p data-start=\"4447\" data-end=\"4499\"><em data-start=\"4447\" data-end=\"4456\">Example<\/em>: Solar and wind are renewable resources.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4500\" data-end=\"4572\">\n<p data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4572\"><em data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4516\">Collocations<\/em>: use renewable resources, renewable natural resources<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4574\" data-end=\"4577\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4579\" data-end=\"4618\">19. <strong data-start=\"4587\" data-end=\"4616\">Environmental degradation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4619\" data-end=\"4837\">\n<li data-start=\"4619\" data-end=\"4682\">\n<p data-start=\"4621\" data-end=\"4682\"><em data-start=\"4621\" data-end=\"4633\">Definition<\/em>: The deterioration of the natural environment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4683\" data-end=\"4750\">\n<p data-start=\"4685\" data-end=\"4750\"><em data-start=\"4685\" data-end=\"4694\">Example<\/em>: Mining activities lead to environmental degradation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4751\" data-end=\"4837\">\n<p data-start=\"4753\" data-end=\"4837\"><em data-start=\"4753\" data-end=\"4767\">Collocations<\/em>: cause environmental degradation, prevent environmental degradation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4839\" data-end=\"4842\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4844\" data-end=\"4870\">20. <strong data-start=\"4852\" data-end=\"4868\">Conservation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4871\" data-end=\"5088\">\n<li data-start=\"4871\" data-end=\"4938\">\n<p data-start=\"4873\" data-end=\"4938\"><em data-start=\"4873\" data-end=\"4885\">Definition<\/em>: The protection of natural resources and wildlife.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4939\" data-end=\"5003\">\n<p data-start=\"4941\" data-end=\"5003\"><em data-start=\"4941\" data-end=\"4950\">Example<\/em>: Conservation projects aim to protect rainforests.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5004\" data-end=\"5088\">\n<p data-start=\"5006\" data-end=\"5088\"><em data-start=\"5006\" data-end=\"5020\">Collocations<\/em>: wildlife conservation, conservation effort, conservation program<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"5497\" data-end=\"5500\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"150\" data-end=\"205\">IELTS Vocabulary: Work and Business<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"237\">1. <strong data-start=\"214\" data-end=\"235\">Work-life balance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"238\" data-end=\"462\">\n<li data-start=\"238\" data-end=\"299\">\n<p data-start=\"240\" data-end=\"299\"><em data-start=\"240\" data-end=\"252\">Definition<\/em>: The balance between work and personal life.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"300\" data-end=\"388\">\n<p data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"388\"><em data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"311\">Example<\/em>: Remote work has helped many employees achieve a better work-life balance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"389\" data-end=\"462\">\n<p data-start=\"391\" data-end=\"462\"><em data-start=\"391\" data-end=\"405\">Collocations<\/em>: maintain work-life balance, improve work-life balance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"467\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"498\">2. <strong data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"496\">Entrepreneurship<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"705\">\n<li data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"565\">\n<p data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"565\"><em data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"513\">Definition<\/em>: The process of starting and managing a business.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"566\" data-end=\"633\">\n<p data-start=\"568\" data-end=\"633\"><em data-start=\"568\" data-end=\"577\">Example<\/em>: Entrepreneurship is crucial for economic innovation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"705\">\n<p data-start=\"636\" data-end=\"705\"><em data-start=\"636\" data-end=\"650\">Collocations<\/em>: encourage entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship skills<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"707\" data-end=\"710\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"735\">3. <strong data-start=\"719\" data-end=\"733\">Freelancer<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"950\">\n<li data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"812\">\n<p data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"812\"><em data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"750\">Definition<\/em>: Someone who works independently rather than for a company.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"878\">\n<p data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"878\"><em data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"824\">Example<\/em>: Many young professionals prefer to be freelancers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"879\" data-end=\"950\">\n<p data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"950\"><em data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"895\">Collocations<\/em>: freelance work, freelance project, freelance career<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"955\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"982\">4. <strong data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"980\">Job security<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"983\" data-end=\"1168\">\n<li data-start=\"983\" data-end=\"1036\">\n<p data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"1036\"><em data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"997\">Definition<\/em>: The certainty of keeping one\u2019s job.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1103\">\n<p data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1103\"><em data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1048\">Example<\/em>: Public sector jobs often provide more job security.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1168\">\n<p data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1168\"><em data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1120\">Collocations<\/em>: guarantee job security, lack of job security<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1173\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1199\">5. <strong data-start=\"1182\" data-end=\"1197\">Outsourcing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1412\">\n<li data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1263\">\n<p data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1263\"><em data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1214\">Definition<\/em>: Hiring another company or country to do work.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1333\">\n<p data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1333\"><em data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1275\">Example<\/em>: Many firms outsource customer service to reduce costs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1334\" data-end=\"1412\">\n<p data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1412\"><em data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1350\">Collocations<\/em>: outsource tasks, outsourcing strategy, outsourcing partner<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1417\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1419\" data-end=\"1449\">6. <strong data-start=\"1426\" data-end=\"1447\">Corporate culture<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1661\">\n<li data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1513\">\n<p data-start=\"1452\" data-end=\"1513\"><em data-start=\"1452\" data-end=\"1464\">Definition<\/em>: Shared values and practices within a company.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1590\">\n<p data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1590\"><em data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1525\">Example<\/em>: A positive corporate culture increases employee satisfaction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1591\" data-end=\"1661\">\n<p data-start=\"1593\" data-end=\"1661\"><em data-start=\"1593\" data-end=\"1607\">Collocations<\/em>: strong corporate culture, corporate culture change<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1666\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1668\" data-end=\"1690\">7. <strong data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1688\">Promotion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1870\">\n<li data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1742\">\n<p data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1742\"><em data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1705\">Definition<\/em>: Advancement to a higher position.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1743\" data-end=\"1813\">\n<p data-start=\"1745\" data-end=\"1813\"><em data-start=\"1745\" data-end=\"1754\">Example<\/em>: She earned a promotion after her excellent performance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"1870\">\n<p data-start=\"1816\" data-end=\"1870\"><em data-start=\"1816\" data-end=\"1830\">Collocations<\/em>: deserve a promotion, rapid promotion<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1872\" data-end=\"1875\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"1907\">8. <strong data-start=\"1884\" data-end=\"1905\">Employee turnover<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1908\" data-end=\"2097\">\n<li data-start=\"1908\" data-end=\"1977\">\n<p data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1977\"><em data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1922\">Definition<\/em>: The rate at which employees leave and are replaced.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2041\">\n<p data-start=\"1980\" data-end=\"2041\"><em data-start=\"1980\" data-end=\"1989\">Example<\/em>: High employee turnover is costly for businesses.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2042\" data-end=\"2097\">\n<p data-start=\"2044\" data-end=\"2097\"><em data-start=\"2044\" data-end=\"2058\">Collocations<\/em>: reduce turnover, high turnover rate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2099\" data-end=\"2102\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2104\" data-end=\"2129\">9. <strong data-start=\"2111\" data-end=\"2127\">Productivity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2130\" data-end=\"2337\">\n<li data-start=\"2130\" data-end=\"2190\">\n<p data-start=\"2132\" data-end=\"2190\"><em data-start=\"2132\" data-end=\"2144\">Definition<\/em>: Efficiency in producing goods or services.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2255\">\n<p data-start=\"2193\" data-end=\"2255\"><em data-start=\"2193\" data-end=\"2202\">Example<\/em>: Flexible working hours can increase productivity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2337\">\n<p data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2337\"><em data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2272\">Collocations<\/em>: improve productivity, productivity level, productivity growth<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2342\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2344\" data-end=\"2372\">10. <strong data-start=\"2352\" data-end=\"2370\">Salary package<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2595\">\n<li data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2437\">\n<p data-start=\"2375\" data-end=\"2437\"><em data-start=\"2375\" data-end=\"2387\">Definition<\/em>: Total pay and benefits offered to an employee.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2438\" data-end=\"2521\">\n<p data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2521\"><em data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2449\">Example<\/em>: The company attracts talent by offering competitive salary packages.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2522\" data-end=\"2595\">\n<p data-start=\"2524\" data-end=\"2595\"><em data-start=\"2524\" data-end=\"2538\">Collocations<\/em>: attractive salary package, negotiate a salary package<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2597\" data-end=\"2600\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2602\" data-end=\"2627\">11. <strong data-start=\"2610\" data-end=\"2625\">Remote work<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"2837\">\n<li data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"2692\">\n<p data-start=\"2630\" data-end=\"2692\"><em data-start=\"2630\" data-end=\"2642\">Definition<\/em>: Working outside the office, usually from home.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2693\" data-end=\"2754\">\n<p data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2754\"><em data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2704\">Example<\/em>: Remote work became common during the pandemic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2755\" data-end=\"2837\">\n<p data-start=\"2757\" data-end=\"2837\"><em data-start=\"2757\" data-end=\"2771\">Collocations<\/em>: adopt remote work, remote work policy, remote work flexibility<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2839\" data-end=\"2842\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2844\" data-end=\"2876\">12. <strong data-start=\"2852\" data-end=\"2874\">Team collaboration<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2877\" data-end=\"3073\">\n<li data-start=\"2877\" data-end=\"2939\">\n<p data-start=\"2879\" data-end=\"2939\"><em data-start=\"2879\" data-end=\"2891\">Definition<\/em>: Working together effectively within a group.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2940\" data-end=\"3003\">\n<p data-start=\"2942\" data-end=\"3003\"><em data-start=\"2942\" data-end=\"2951\">Example<\/em>: Good communication is key to team collaboration.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3004\" data-end=\"3073\">\n<p data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3073\"><em data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3020\">Collocations<\/em>: enhance collaboration, collaborative team culture<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3075\" data-end=\"3078\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3080\" data-end=\"3111\">13. <strong data-start=\"3088\" data-end=\"3109\">Leadership skills<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3112\" data-end=\"3314\">\n<li data-start=\"3112\" data-end=\"3171\">\n<p data-start=\"3114\" data-end=\"3171\"><em data-start=\"3114\" data-end=\"3126\">Definition<\/em>: The ability to guide and motivate others.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3172\" data-end=\"3242\">\n<p data-start=\"3174\" data-end=\"3242\"><em data-start=\"3174\" data-end=\"3183\">Example<\/em>: Leadership skills are essential for career advancement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3243\" data-end=\"3314\">\n<p data-start=\"3245\" data-end=\"3314\"><em data-start=\"3245\" data-end=\"3259\">Collocations<\/em>: develop leadership skills, strong leadership skills<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3316\" data-end=\"3319\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3321\" data-end=\"3352\">14. <strong data-start=\"3329\" data-end=\"3350\">Deadline pressure<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3353\" data-end=\"3554\">\n<li data-start=\"3353\" data-end=\"3419\">\n<p data-start=\"3355\" data-end=\"3419\"><em data-start=\"3355\" data-end=\"3367\">Definition<\/em>: Stress caused by having to finish tasks on time.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3420\" data-end=\"3495\">\n<p data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3495\"><em data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3431\">Example<\/em>: Working under constant deadline pressure reduces creativity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3496\" data-end=\"3554\">\n<p data-start=\"3498\" data-end=\"3554\"><em data-start=\"3498\" data-end=\"3512\">Collocations<\/em>: face deadline pressure, meet deadlines<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3556\" data-end=\"3559\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3561\" data-end=\"3591\">15. <strong data-start=\"3569\" data-end=\"3589\">Job satisfaction<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3796\">\n<li data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3651\">\n<p data-start=\"3594\" data-end=\"3651\"><em data-start=\"3594\" data-end=\"3606\">Definition<\/em>: The contentment one feels with their job.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3652\" data-end=\"3723\">\n<p data-start=\"3654\" data-end=\"3723\"><em data-start=\"3654\" data-end=\"3663\">Example<\/em>: Job satisfaction is closely linked to work-life balance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3724\" data-end=\"3796\">\n<p data-start=\"3726\" data-end=\"3796\"><em data-start=\"3726\" data-end=\"3740\">Collocations<\/em>: increase job satisfaction, employee job satisfaction<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3798\" data-end=\"3801\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3803\" data-end=\"3825\">16. <strong data-start=\"3811\" data-end=\"3823\">Start-up<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3826\" data-end=\"4014\">\n<li data-start=\"3826\" data-end=\"3879\">\n<p data-start=\"3828\" data-end=\"3879\"><em data-start=\"3828\" data-end=\"3840\">Definition<\/em>: A newly established small business.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3880\" data-end=\"3937\">\n<p data-start=\"3882\" data-end=\"3937\"><em data-start=\"3882\" data-end=\"3891\">Example<\/em>: Tech start-ups are booming in many cities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3938\" data-end=\"4014\">\n<p data-start=\"3940\" data-end=\"4014\"><em data-start=\"3940\" data-end=\"3954\">Collocations<\/em>: launch a start-up, successful start-up, start-up culture<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4016\" data-end=\"4019\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4021\" data-end=\"4059\">17. <strong data-start=\"4029\" data-end=\"4057\">Workplace discrimination<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4278\">\n<li data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4122\">\n<p data-start=\"4062\" data-end=\"4122\"><em data-start=\"4062\" data-end=\"4074\">Definition<\/em>: Unfair treatment based on gender, race, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4123\" data-end=\"4186\">\n<p data-start=\"4125\" data-end=\"4186\"><em data-start=\"4125\" data-end=\"4134\">Example<\/em>: Workplace discrimination remains a global issue.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4187\" data-end=\"4278\">\n<p data-start=\"4189\" data-end=\"4278\"><em data-start=\"4189\" data-end=\"4203\">Collocations<\/em>: prevent discrimination, face discrimination, anti-discrimination policy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4280\" data-end=\"4283\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4285\" data-end=\"4321\">18. <strong data-start=\"4293\" data-end=\"4319\">Flexible working hours<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4322\" data-end=\"4536\">\n<li data-start=\"4322\" data-end=\"4390\">\n<p data-start=\"4324\" data-end=\"4390\"><em data-start=\"4324\" data-end=\"4336\">Definition<\/em>: Work schedule that allows employees to vary hours.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4391\" data-end=\"4453\">\n<p data-start=\"4393\" data-end=\"4453\"><em data-start=\"4393\" data-end=\"4402\">Example<\/em>: Flexible working hours attract skilled workers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4454\" data-end=\"4536\">\n<p data-start=\"4456\" data-end=\"4536\"><em data-start=\"4456\" data-end=\"4470\">Collocations<\/em>: introduce flexible working hours, enjoy flexible working hours<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4538\" data-end=\"4541\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4543\" data-end=\"4575\">19. <strong data-start=\"4551\" data-end=\"4573\">Career advancement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4576\" data-end=\"4786\">\n<li data-start=\"4576\" data-end=\"4643\">\n<p data-start=\"4578\" data-end=\"4643\"><em data-start=\"4578\" data-end=\"4590\">Definition<\/em>: Progression to higher levels in one\u2019s profession.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4644\" data-end=\"4704\">\n<p data-start=\"4646\" data-end=\"4704\"><em data-start=\"4646\" data-end=\"4655\">Example<\/em>: Networking can accelerate career advancement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4705\" data-end=\"4786\">\n<p data-start=\"4707\" data-end=\"4786\"><em data-start=\"4707\" data-end=\"4721\">Collocations<\/em>: opportunities for career advancement, career advancement path<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4788\" data-end=\"4791\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4793\" data-end=\"4844\">20. <strong data-start=\"4801\" data-end=\"4842\">Corporate social responsibility (CSR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4845\" data-end=\"5071\">\n<li data-start=\"4845\" data-end=\"4929\">\n<p data-start=\"4847\" data-end=\"4929\"><em data-start=\"4847\" data-end=\"4859\">Definition<\/em>: A company\u2019s commitment to act ethically and support the community.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4930\" data-end=\"4996\">\n<p data-start=\"4932\" data-end=\"4996\"><em data-start=\"4932\" data-end=\"4941\">Example<\/em>: Many firms adopt CSR to improve their public image.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4997\" data-end=\"5071\">\n<p data-start=\"4999\" data-end=\"5071\"><em data-start=\"4999\" data-end=\"5013\">Collocations<\/em>: CSR initiatives, corporate responsibility, CSR program<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"6614\" data-end=\"6617\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"188\">IELTS Vocabulary: Global Issues<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"190\" data-end=\"216\">1. <strong data-start=\"197\" data-end=\"214\">Globalization<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"467\">\n<li data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"286\">\n<p data-start=\"219\" data-end=\"286\"><em data-start=\"219\" data-end=\"231\">Definition<\/em>: The process of increasing international connection.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"287\" data-end=\"375\">\n<p data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"375\"><em data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"298\">Example<\/em>: Globalization has boosted trade but also created cultural homogenization.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"467\">\n<p data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"467\"><em data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"392\">Collocations<\/em>: effects of globalization, economic globalization, globalization process<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"472\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"496\">2. <strong data-start=\"481\" data-end=\"494\">Migration<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"706\">\n<li data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"560\">\n<p data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"560\"><em data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"511\">Definition<\/em>: Movement of people from one place to another.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"561\" data-end=\"633\">\n<p data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"633\"><em data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"572\">Example<\/em>: Rural-to-urban migration is common in developing nations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"706\">\n<p data-start=\"636\" data-end=\"706\"><em data-start=\"636\" data-end=\"650\">Collocations<\/em>: mass migration, economic migration, migration policy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"708\" data-end=\"711\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"740\">3. <strong data-start=\"720\" data-end=\"738\">Refugee crisis<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"974\">\n<li data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"823\">\n<p data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"823\"><em data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"755\">Definition<\/em>: Large-scale displacement of people fleeing conflict or disaster.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"886\">\n<p data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"886\"><em data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"835\">Example<\/em>: The refugee crisis requires global cooperation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"974\">\n<p data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"974\"><em data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"903\">Collocations<\/em>: solve the refugee crisis, global refugee crisis, refugee settlement<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"976\" data-end=\"979\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"981\" data-end=\"1004\">4. <strong data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"1002\">Inequality<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1214\">\n<li data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1080\">\n<p data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1080\"><em data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1019\">Definition<\/em>: Unequal opportunities or outcomes among groups of people.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1081\" data-end=\"1137\">\n<p data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1137\"><em data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1092\">Example<\/em>: Education helps reduce social inequality.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1138\" data-end=\"1214\">\n<p data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1214\"><em data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1154\">Collocations<\/em>: income inequality, reduce inequality, address inequality<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1216\" data-end=\"1219\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1246\">5. <strong data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1244\">Human rights<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1465\">\n<li data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1310\">\n<p data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1310\"><em data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1261\">Definition<\/em>: Basic freedoms and rights of all individuals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1311\" data-end=\"1373\">\n<p data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1373\"><em data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1322\">Example<\/em>: Freedom of speech is a fundamental human right.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1374\" data-end=\"1465\">\n<p data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1465\"><em data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1390\">Collocations<\/em>: protect human rights, human rights violation, human rights organization<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1470\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1504\">6. <strong data-start=\"1479\" data-end=\"1502\">Poverty alleviation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1505\" data-end=\"1710\">\n<li data-start=\"1505\" data-end=\"1558\">\n<p data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1558\"><em data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1519\">Definition<\/em>: Reducing poverty levels in society.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1630\">\n<p data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1630\"><em data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1570\">Example<\/em>: Microfinance programs contribute to poverty alleviation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1631\" data-end=\"1710\">\n<p data-start=\"1633\" data-end=\"1710\"><em data-start=\"1633\" data-end=\"1647\">Collocations<\/em>: efforts in poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation project<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1712\" data-end=\"1715\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1717\" data-end=\"1744\">7. <strong data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1742\">Overpopulation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1745\" data-end=\"1972\">\n<li data-start=\"1745\" data-end=\"1830\">\n<p data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1830\"><em data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1759\">Definition<\/em>: When the number of people exceeds the carrying capacity of an area.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1831\" data-end=\"1907\">\n<p data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1907\"><em data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1842\">Example<\/em>: Overpopulation puts pressure on resources and infrastructure.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1908\" data-end=\"1972\">\n<p data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1972\"><em data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1924\">Collocations<\/em>: population explosion, control overpopulation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1974\" data-end=\"1977\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1979\" data-end=\"2008\">8. <strong data-start=\"1986\" data-end=\"2006\">Humanitarian aid<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2219\">\n<li data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2075\">\n<p data-start=\"2011\" data-end=\"2075\"><em data-start=\"2011\" data-end=\"2023\">Definition<\/em>: Assistance given to people in crisis situations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2076\" data-end=\"2143\">\n<p data-start=\"2078\" data-end=\"2143\"><em data-start=\"2078\" data-end=\"2087\">Example<\/em>: Humanitarian aid was delivered after the earthquake.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2144\" data-end=\"2219\">\n<p data-start=\"2146\" data-end=\"2219\"><em data-start=\"2146\" data-end=\"2160\">Collocations<\/em>: provide humanitarian aid, humanitarian aid organization<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2224\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2226\" data-end=\"2252\">9. <strong data-start=\"2233\" data-end=\"2250\">Food security<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2253\" data-end=\"2438\">\n<li data-start=\"2253\" data-end=\"2313\">\n<p data-start=\"2255\" data-end=\"2313\"><em data-start=\"2255\" data-end=\"2267\">Definition<\/em>: Reliable access to enough nutritious food.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2314\" data-end=\"2375\">\n<p data-start=\"2316\" data-end=\"2375\"><em data-start=\"2316\" data-end=\"2325\">Example<\/em>: Climate change threatens global food security.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2376\" data-end=\"2438\">\n<p data-start=\"2378\" data-end=\"2438\"><em data-start=\"2378\" data-end=\"2392\">Collocations<\/em>: ensure food security, food security crisis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2443\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2445\" data-end=\"2495\">10. <strong data-start=\"2453\" data-end=\"2493\">Sustainable development goals (SDGs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2496\" data-end=\"2731\">\n<li data-start=\"2496\" data-end=\"2573\">\n<p data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2573\"><em data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2510\">Definition<\/em>: International goals to promote sustainability and equality.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2574\" data-end=\"2670\">\n<p data-start=\"2576\" data-end=\"2670\"><em data-start=\"2576\" data-end=\"2585\">Example<\/em>: Countries are working together to achieve the UN\u2019s sustainable development goals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2671\" data-end=\"2731\">\n<p data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2731\"><em data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2687\">Collocations<\/em>: implement SDGs, achieve SDGs, SDG target<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2733\" data-end=\"2736\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2738\" data-end=\"2775\">11. <strong data-start=\"2746\" data-end=\"2773\">International sanctions<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2776\" data-end=\"2995\">\n<li data-start=\"2776\" data-end=\"2849\">\n<p data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"2849\"><em data-start=\"2778\" data-end=\"2790\">Definition<\/em>: Restrictions placed on a country to influence behavior.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2850\" data-end=\"2924\">\n<p data-start=\"2852\" data-end=\"2924\"><em data-start=\"2852\" data-end=\"2861\">Example<\/em>: Economic sanctions were imposed due to human rights abuses.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2925\" data-end=\"2995\">\n<p data-start=\"2927\" data-end=\"2995\"><em data-start=\"2927\" data-end=\"2941\">Collocations<\/em>: impose sanctions, lift sanctions, sanctions regime<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2997\" data-end=\"3000\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3002\" data-end=\"3025\">12. <strong data-start=\"3010\" data-end=\"3023\">Diplomacy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3026\" data-end=\"3229\">\n<li data-start=\"3026\" data-end=\"3083\">\n<p data-start=\"3028\" data-end=\"3083\"><em data-start=\"3028\" data-end=\"3040\">Definition<\/em>: Managing relationships between nations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3084\" data-end=\"3143\">\n<p data-start=\"3086\" data-end=\"3143\"><em data-start=\"3086\" data-end=\"3095\">Example<\/em>: Effective diplomacy helps prevent conflicts.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3144\" data-end=\"3229\">\n<p data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3229\"><em data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3160\">Collocations<\/em>: practice diplomacy, international diplomacy, diplomatic relations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3231\" data-end=\"3234\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3236\" data-end=\"3268\">13. <strong data-start=\"3244\" data-end=\"3266\">Cultural diversity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3269\" data-end=\"3501\">\n<li data-start=\"3269\" data-end=\"3340\">\n<p data-start=\"3271\" data-end=\"3340\"><em data-start=\"3271\" data-end=\"3283\">Definition<\/em>: The presence of different cultural groups in society.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3341\" data-end=\"3427\">\n<p data-start=\"3343\" data-end=\"3427\"><em data-start=\"3343\" data-end=\"3352\">Example<\/em>: Cultural diversity enriches communities but can also create challenges.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3428\" data-end=\"3501\">\n<p data-start=\"3430\" data-end=\"3501\"><em data-start=\"3430\" data-end=\"3444\">Collocations<\/em>: promote cultural diversity, cultural diversity policy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3503\" data-end=\"3506\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3508\" data-end=\"3536\">14. <strong data-start=\"3516\" data-end=\"3534\">Armed conflict<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3537\" data-end=\"3745\">\n<li data-start=\"3537\" data-end=\"3616\">\n<p data-start=\"3539\" data-end=\"3616\"><em data-start=\"3539\" data-end=\"3551\">Definition<\/em>: Fighting between groups, often nations or political factions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3617\" data-end=\"3681\">\n<p data-start=\"3619\" data-end=\"3681\"><em data-start=\"3619\" data-end=\"3628\">Example<\/em>: Armed conflict has displaced thousands of people.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3682\" data-end=\"3745\">\n<p data-start=\"3684\" data-end=\"3745\"><em data-start=\"3684\" data-end=\"3698\">Collocations<\/em>: resolve armed conflict, armed conflict zone<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3747\" data-end=\"3750\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3752\" data-end=\"3776\">15. <strong data-start=\"3760\" data-end=\"3774\">Corruption<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3777\" data-end=\"3994\">\n<li data-start=\"3777\" data-end=\"3844\">\n<p data-start=\"3779\" data-end=\"3844\"><em data-start=\"3779\" data-end=\"3791\">Definition<\/em>: Dishonest or illegal behavior by people in power.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3845\" data-end=\"3915\">\n<p data-start=\"3847\" data-end=\"3915\"><em data-start=\"3847\" data-end=\"3856\">Example<\/em>: Corruption undermines trust in government institutions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3916\" data-end=\"3994\">\n<p data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"3994\"><em data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"3932\">Collocations<\/em>: fight corruption, political corruption, corruption scandal<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3996\" data-end=\"3999\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4001\" data-end=\"4024\">16. <strong data-start=\"4009\" data-end=\"4022\">Terrorism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4025\" data-end=\"4219\">\n<li data-start=\"4025\" data-end=\"4086\">\n<p data-start=\"4027\" data-end=\"4086\"><em data-start=\"4027\" data-end=\"4039\">Definition<\/em>: The use of violence for political purposes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4087\" data-end=\"4146\">\n<p data-start=\"4089\" data-end=\"4146\"><em data-start=\"4089\" data-end=\"4098\">Example<\/em>: Terrorism poses a threat to global security.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4147\" data-end=\"4219\">\n<p data-start=\"4149\" data-end=\"4219\"><em data-start=\"4149\" data-end=\"4163\">Collocations<\/em>: combat terrorism, terrorism threat, terrorism attack<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4221\" data-end=\"4224\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4226\" data-end=\"4256\">17. <strong data-start=\"4234\" data-end=\"4254\">Climate refugees<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4257\" data-end=\"4489\">\n<li data-start=\"4257\" data-end=\"4332\">\n<p data-start=\"4259\" data-end=\"4332\"><em data-start=\"4259\" data-end=\"4271\">Definition<\/em>: People forced to leave their homes due to climate change.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4333\" data-end=\"4408\">\n<p data-start=\"4335\" data-end=\"4408\"><em data-start=\"4335\" data-end=\"4344\">Example<\/em>: Rising sea levels create climate refugees in island nations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4409\" data-end=\"4489\">\n<p data-start=\"4411\" data-end=\"4489\"><em data-start=\"4411\" data-end=\"4425\">Collocations<\/em>: support climate refugees, growing number of climate refugees<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4491\" data-end=\"4494\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4496\" data-end=\"4527\">18. <strong data-start=\"4504\" data-end=\"4525\">Global governance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4528\" data-end=\"4742\">\n<li data-start=\"4528\" data-end=\"4598\">\n<p data-start=\"4530\" data-end=\"4598\"><em data-start=\"4530\" data-end=\"4542\">Definition<\/em>: Cooperation among nations to manage global problems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4599\" data-end=\"4664\">\n<p data-start=\"4601\" data-end=\"4664\"><em data-start=\"4601\" data-end=\"4610\">Example<\/em>: Global governance is essential to fight pandemics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4665\" data-end=\"4742\">\n<p data-start=\"4667\" data-end=\"4742\"><em data-start=\"4667\" data-end=\"4681\">Collocations<\/em>: strengthen global governance, issues of global governance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4744\" data-end=\"4747\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4749\" data-end=\"4773\">19. <strong data-start=\"4757\" data-end=\"4771\">Wealth gap<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4774\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<li data-start=\"4774\" data-end=\"4839\">\n<p data-start=\"4776\" data-end=\"4839\"><em data-start=\"4776\" data-end=\"4788\">Definition<\/em>: The difference in assets between rich and poor.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4840\" data-end=\"4900\">\n<p data-start=\"4842\" data-end=\"4900\"><em data-start=\"4842\" data-end=\"4851\">Example<\/em>: The wealth gap is widening in many societies.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4901\" data-end=\"4961\">\n<p data-start=\"4903\" data-end=\"4961\"><em data-start=\"4903\" data-end=\"4917\">Collocations<\/em>: close the wealth gap, wealth gap problem<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4963\" data-end=\"4966\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"5007\">20. <strong data-start=\"4976\" data-end=\"5005\">International cooperation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"5008\" data-end=\"5249\">\n<li data-start=\"5008\" data-end=\"5078\">\n<p data-start=\"5010\" data-end=\"5078\"><em data-start=\"5010\" data-end=\"5022\">Definition<\/em>: Nations working together to solve global challenges.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5079\" data-end=\"5157\">\n<p data-start=\"5081\" data-end=\"5157\"><em data-start=\"5081\" data-end=\"5090\">Example<\/em>: International cooperation is vital for tackling climate change.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5158\" data-end=\"5249\">\n<p data-start=\"5160\" data-end=\"5249\"><em data-start=\"5160\" data-end=\"5174\">Collocations<\/em>: promote international cooperation, strengthen international cooperation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"7732\" data-end=\"7735\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"121\" data-end=\"182\">IELTS Vocabulary: Media and Communication<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"184\" data-end=\"207\">1. <strong data-start=\"191\" data-end=\"205\">Mass media<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"208\" data-end=\"403\">\n<li data-start=\"208\" data-end=\"276\">\n<p data-start=\"210\" data-end=\"276\"><em data-start=\"210\" data-end=\"222\">Definition<\/em>: Means of communication that reach large audiences.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"339\">\n<p data-start=\"279\" data-end=\"339\"><em data-start=\"279\" data-end=\"288\">Example<\/em>: Mass media shapes public opinion significantly.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"340\" data-end=\"403\">\n<p data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"403\"><em data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"356\">Collocations<\/em>: influence of mass media, role of mass media<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"405\" data-end=\"408\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"410\" data-end=\"433\">2. <strong data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"431\">Censorship<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"434\" data-end=\"616\">\n<li data-start=\"434\" data-end=\"494\">\n<p data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"494\"><em data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"448\">Definition<\/em>: The suppression or control of information.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"557\">\n<p data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"557\"><em data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"506\">Example<\/em>: Strict censorship limits freedom of expression.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"558\" data-end=\"616\">\n<p data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"616\"><em data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"574\">Collocations<\/em>: government censorship, censorship laws<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"618\" data-end=\"621\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"623\" data-end=\"645\">3. <strong data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"643\">Fake news<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"838\">\n<li data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"714\">\n<p data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"714\"><em data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"660\">Definition<\/em>: False or misleading information presented as news.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"715\" data-end=\"783\">\n<p data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"783\"><em data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"726\">Example<\/em>: The rise of fake news undermines trust in journalism.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"838\">\n<p data-start=\"786\" data-end=\"838\"><em data-start=\"786\" data-end=\"800\">Collocations<\/em>: spread fake news, detect fake news<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"843\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"881\">4. <strong data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"879\">Social networking sites<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"1099\">\n<li data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"940\">\n<p data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"940\"><em data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"896\">Definition<\/em>: Online platforms for social interaction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"1016\">\n<p data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"1016\"><em data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"952\">Example<\/em>: Social networking sites have changed how people communicate.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1099\">\n<p data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1099\"><em data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1033\">Collocations<\/em>: join a social networking site, popular social networking sites<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1104\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1136\">5. <strong data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1134\">Freedom of speech<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1137\" data-end=\"1337\">\n<li data-start=\"1137\" data-end=\"1192\">\n<p data-start=\"1139\" data-end=\"1192\"><em data-start=\"1139\" data-end=\"1151\">Definition<\/em>: The right to express opinions freely.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1263\">\n<p data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1263\"><em data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1204\">Example<\/em>: Freedom of speech is essential in a democratic society.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1337\">\n<p data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1337\"><em data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1280\">Collocations<\/em>: protect freedom of speech, restrict freedom of speech<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1342\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1344\" data-end=\"1368\">6. <strong data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1366\">Advertising<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1369\" data-end=\"1597\">\n<li data-start=\"1369\" data-end=\"1434\">\n<p data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1434\"><em data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1383\">Definition<\/em>: The activity of promoting products or services.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1435\" data-end=\"1508\">\n<p data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1508\"><em data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1446\">Example<\/em>: Online advertising uses personal data to target consumers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1509\" data-end=\"1597\">\n<p data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1597\"><em data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1525\">Collocations<\/em>: television advertising, advertising campaign, misleading advertising<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1602\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1604\" data-end=\"1638\">7. <strong data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1636\">Public relations (PR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1825\">\n<li data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1699\">\n<p data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1699\"><em data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1653\">Definition<\/em>: Managing the image of a company or person.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1769\">\n<p data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1769\"><em data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1711\">Example<\/em>: The company hired a PR firm to improve its reputation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1825\">\n<p data-start=\"1772\" data-end=\"1825\"><em data-start=\"1772\" data-end=\"1786\">Collocations<\/em>: PR strategy, PR campaign, PR crisis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1830\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1832\" data-end=\"1857\">8. <strong data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"1855\">Broadcasting<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1858\" data-end=\"2074\">\n<li data-start=\"1858\" data-end=\"1918\">\n<p data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"1918\"><em data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"1872\">Definition<\/em>: Transmitting radio or television programs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"1992\">\n<p data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1992\"><em data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1930\">Example<\/em>: The broadcasting industry is shifting to online platforms.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1993\" data-end=\"2074\">\n<p data-start=\"1995\" data-end=\"2074\"><em data-start=\"1995\" data-end=\"2009\">Collocations<\/em>: live broadcasting, broadcasting rights, national broadcasting<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2076\" data-end=\"2079\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2081\" data-end=\"2101\">9. <strong data-start=\"2088\" data-end=\"2099\">Tabloid<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2102\" data-end=\"2268\">\n<li data-start=\"2102\" data-end=\"2157\">\n<p data-start=\"2104\" data-end=\"2157\"><em data-start=\"2104\" data-end=\"2116\">Definition<\/em>: A newspaper with sensational stories.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2158\" data-end=\"2214\">\n<p data-start=\"2160\" data-end=\"2214\"><em data-start=\"2160\" data-end=\"2169\">Example<\/em>: The scandal was reported in the tabloids.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2215\" data-end=\"2268\">\n<p data-start=\"2217\" data-end=\"2268\"><em data-start=\"2217\" data-end=\"2231\">Collocations<\/em>: tabloid press, tabloid journalism<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2270\" data-end=\"2273\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2305\">10. <strong data-start=\"2283\" data-end=\"2303\">Mainstream media<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2306\" data-end=\"2521\">\n<li data-start=\"2306\" data-end=\"2366\">\n<p data-start=\"2308\" data-end=\"2366\"><em data-start=\"2308\" data-end=\"2320\">Definition<\/em>: Traditional, widely accepted news outlets.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2367\" data-end=\"2452\">\n<p data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2452\"><em data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2378\">Example<\/em>: Many people distrust mainstream media and turn to independent sources.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2453\" data-end=\"2521\">\n<p data-start=\"2455\" data-end=\"2521\"><em data-start=\"2455\" data-end=\"2469\">Collocations<\/em>: mainstream media coverage, mainstream media bias<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2523\" data-end=\"2526\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2528\" data-end=\"2560\">11. <strong data-start=\"2536\" data-end=\"2558\">Citizen journalism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2561\" data-end=\"2780\">\n<li data-start=\"2561\" data-end=\"2629\">\n<p data-start=\"2563\" data-end=\"2629\"><em data-start=\"2563\" data-end=\"2575\">Definition<\/em>: News reported by ordinary people using technology.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2630\" data-end=\"2703\">\n<p data-start=\"2632\" data-end=\"2703\"><em data-start=\"2632\" data-end=\"2641\">Example<\/em>: Citizen journalism has grown with the rise of smartphones.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2704\" data-end=\"2780\">\n<p data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2780\"><em data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2720\">Collocations<\/em>: rise of citizen journalism, citizen journalism platforms<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2782\" data-end=\"2785\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2787\" data-end=\"2815\">12. <strong data-start=\"2795\" data-end=\"2813\">Misinformation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2816\" data-end=\"3013\">\n<li data-start=\"2816\" data-end=\"2886\">\n<p data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2886\"><em data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2830\">Definition<\/em>: Incorrect information, often spread unintentionally.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2887\" data-end=\"2946\">\n<p data-start=\"2889\" data-end=\"2946\"><em data-start=\"2889\" data-end=\"2898\">Example<\/em>: Social media spreads misinformation quickly.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"3013\">\n<p data-start=\"2949\" data-end=\"3013\"><em data-start=\"2949\" data-end=\"2963\">Collocations<\/em>: spread misinformation, misinformation campaign<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3015\" data-end=\"3018\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3020\" data-end=\"3048\">13. <strong data-start=\"3028\" data-end=\"3046\">Sensationalism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3049\" data-end=\"3256\">\n<li data-start=\"3049\" data-end=\"3114\">\n<p data-start=\"3051\" data-end=\"3114\"><em data-start=\"3051\" data-end=\"3063\">Definition<\/em>: Exaggeration or shocking presentation in media.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3115\" data-end=\"3189\">\n<p data-start=\"3117\" data-end=\"3189\"><em data-start=\"3117\" data-end=\"3126\">Example<\/em>: Sensationalism often sacrifices accuracy for entertainment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3190\" data-end=\"3256\">\n<p data-start=\"3192\" data-end=\"3256\"><em data-start=\"3192\" data-end=\"3206\">Collocations<\/em>: media sensationalism, sensationalist headlines<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3258\" data-end=\"3261\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3263\" data-end=\"3287\">14. <strong data-start=\"3271\" data-end=\"3285\">Propaganda<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3288\" data-end=\"3508\">\n<li data-start=\"3288\" data-end=\"3365\">\n<p data-start=\"3290\" data-end=\"3365\"><em data-start=\"3290\" data-end=\"3302\">Definition<\/em>: Information used to influence public opinion, often biased.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3366\" data-end=\"3431\">\n<p data-start=\"3368\" data-end=\"3431\"><em data-start=\"3368\" data-end=\"3377\">Example<\/em>: During war, propaganda is used to maintain morale.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3432\" data-end=\"3508\">\n<p data-start=\"3434\" data-end=\"3508\"><em data-start=\"3434\" data-end=\"3448\">Collocations<\/em>: political propaganda, spread propaganda, propaganda tool<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3510\" data-end=\"3513\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3515\" data-end=\"3542\">15. <strong data-start=\"3523\" data-end=\"3540\">Viral content<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3543\" data-end=\"3710\">\n<li data-start=\"3543\" data-end=\"3595\">\n<p data-start=\"3545\" data-end=\"3595\"><em data-start=\"3545\" data-end=\"3557\">Definition<\/em>: Media that spreads rapidly online.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3596\" data-end=\"3645\">\n<p data-start=\"3598\" data-end=\"3645\"><em data-start=\"3598\" data-end=\"3607\">Example<\/em>: The video went viral within hours.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3646\" data-end=\"3710\">\n<p data-start=\"3648\" data-end=\"3710\"><em data-start=\"3648\" data-end=\"3662\">Collocations<\/em>: viral video, viral marketing, viral campaign<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3712\" data-end=\"3715\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3717\" data-end=\"3744\">16. <strong data-start=\"3725\" data-end=\"3742\">Press freedom<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3745\" data-end=\"3942\">\n<li data-start=\"3745\" data-end=\"3818\">\n<p data-start=\"3747\" data-end=\"3818\"><em data-start=\"3747\" data-end=\"3759\">Definition<\/em>: The right of journalists to publish information freely.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3819\" data-end=\"3880\">\n<p data-start=\"3821\" data-end=\"3880\"><em data-start=\"3821\" data-end=\"3830\">Example<\/em>: Press freedom is restricted in many countries.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3881\" data-end=\"3942\">\n<p data-start=\"3883\" data-end=\"3942\"><em data-start=\"3883\" data-end=\"3897\">Collocations<\/em>: ensure press freedom, press freedom index<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3944\" data-end=\"3947\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3949\" data-end=\"3975\">17. <strong data-start=\"3957\" data-end=\"3973\">Echo chamber<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3976\" data-end=\"4188\">\n<li data-start=\"3976\" data-end=\"4067\">\n<p data-start=\"3978\" data-end=\"4067\"><em data-start=\"3978\" data-end=\"3990\">Definition<\/em>: An environment where people only encounter opinions that match their own.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4124\">\n<p data-start=\"4070\" data-end=\"4124\"><em data-start=\"4070\" data-end=\"4079\">Example<\/em>: Social media often creates echo chambers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4125\" data-end=\"4188\">\n<p data-start=\"4127\" data-end=\"4188\"><em data-start=\"4127\" data-end=\"4141\">Collocations<\/em>: online echo chamber, political echo chamber<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4190\" data-end=\"4193\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4195\" data-end=\"4218\">18. <strong data-start=\"4203\" data-end=\"4216\">Clickbait<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4219\" data-end=\"4412\">\n<li data-start=\"4219\" data-end=\"4300\">\n<p data-start=\"4221\" data-end=\"4300\"><em data-start=\"4221\" data-end=\"4233\">Definition<\/em>: Sensational or misleading headlines designed to attract clicks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4301\" data-end=\"4353\">\n<p data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4353\"><em data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4312\">Example<\/em>: The article title was pure clickbait.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4354\" data-end=\"4412\">\n<p data-start=\"4356\" data-end=\"4412\"><em data-start=\"4356\" data-end=\"4370\">Collocations<\/em>: clickbait headline, clickbait strategy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4414\" data-end=\"4417\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4419\" data-end=\"4447\">19. <strong data-start=\"4427\" data-end=\"4445\">Media literacy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4448\" data-end=\"4685\">\n<li data-start=\"4448\" data-end=\"4523\">\n<p data-start=\"4450\" data-end=\"4523\"><em data-start=\"4450\" data-end=\"4462\">Definition<\/em>: The ability to critically evaluate media and information.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4611\">\n<p data-start=\"4526\" data-end=\"4611\"><em data-start=\"4526\" data-end=\"4535\">Example<\/em>: Schools are teaching media literacy to help students identify fake news.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4612\" data-end=\"4685\">\n<p data-start=\"4614\" data-end=\"4685\"><em data-start=\"4614\" data-end=\"4628\">Collocations<\/em>: promote media literacy, improve media literacy skills<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4687\" data-end=\"4690\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4692\" data-end=\"4724\">20. <strong data-start=\"4700\" data-end=\"4722\">24-hour news cycle<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4725\" data-end=\"4934\">\n<li data-start=\"4725\" data-end=\"4788\">\n<p data-start=\"4727\" data-end=\"4788\"><em data-start=\"4727\" data-end=\"4739\">Definition<\/em>: Continuous news reporting throughout the day.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4789\" data-end=\"4861\">\n<p data-start=\"4791\" data-end=\"4861\"><em data-start=\"4791\" data-end=\"4800\">Example<\/em>: The 24-hour news cycle increases pressure on journalists.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4862\" data-end=\"4934\">\n<p data-start=\"4864\" data-end=\"4934\"><em data-start=\"4864\" data-end=\"4878\">Collocations<\/em>: impact of 24-hour news cycle, 24-hour media coverage<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"8807\" data-end=\"8810\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"207\">\u2708\ufe0f IELTS Vocabulary: Travel and Tourism (20 Key Words)<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"209\" data-end=\"232\">1. <strong data-start=\"216\" data-end=\"230\">Backpacker<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"233\" data-end=\"427\">\n<li data-start=\"233\" data-end=\"303\">\n<p data-start=\"235\" data-end=\"303\"><em data-start=\"235\" data-end=\"247\">Definition<\/em>: A budget traveler carrying everything in a backpack.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"365\">\n<p data-start=\"306\" data-end=\"365\"><em data-start=\"306\" data-end=\"315\">Example<\/em>: Many backpackers choose hostels to save money.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"366\" data-end=\"427\">\n<p data-start=\"368\" data-end=\"427\"><em data-start=\"368\" data-end=\"382\">Collocations<\/em>: backpacker hostel, backpacker destination<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"432\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"434\" data-end=\"457\">2. <strong data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"455\">Ecotourism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"671\">\n<li data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"511\">\n<p data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"511\"><em data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"472\">Definition<\/em>: Environmentally responsible travel.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"591\">\n<p data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"591\"><em data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"523\">Example<\/em>: Ecotourism promotes conservation and supports local communities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"592\" data-end=\"671\">\n<p data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"671\"><em data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"608\">Collocations<\/em>: ecotourism industry, ecotourism project, promote ecotourism<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"676\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"708\">3. <strong data-start=\"685\" data-end=\"706\">Cultural heritage<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"918\">\n<li data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"777\">\n<p data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"777\"><em data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"723\">Definition<\/em>: Traditions, monuments, and practices of a society.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"846\">\n<p data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"846\"><em data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"789\">Example<\/em>: Tourists are attracted to sites of cultural heritage.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"847\" data-end=\"918\">\n<p data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"918\"><em data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"863\">Collocations<\/em>: protect cultural heritage, UNESCO cultural heritage<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"920\" data-end=\"923\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"956\">4. <strong data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"954\">Tourist attraction<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"1140\">\n<li data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"1003\">\n<p data-start=\"959\" data-end=\"1003\"><em data-start=\"959\" data-end=\"971\">Definition<\/em>: A place that draws visitors.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1067\">\n<p data-start=\"1006\" data-end=\"1067\"><em data-start=\"1006\" data-end=\"1015\">Example<\/em>: The Eiffel Tower is a famous tourist attraction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1140\">\n<p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1140\"><em data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1084\">Collocations<\/em>: popular tourist attraction, major tourist attraction<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1145\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1180\">5. <strong data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1178\">Hospitality industry<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1181\" data-end=\"1413\">\n<li data-start=\"1181\" data-end=\"1257\">\n<p data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1257\"><em data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1195\">Definition<\/em>: Businesses providing services like hotels and restaurants.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1258\" data-end=\"1336\">\n<p data-start=\"1260\" data-end=\"1336\"><em data-start=\"1260\" data-end=\"1269\">Example<\/em>: The hospitality industry was severely affected by the pandemic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1413\">\n<p data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1413\"><em data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1353\">Collocations<\/em>: hospitality industry growth, global hospitality industry<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1415\" data-end=\"1418\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1440\">6. <strong data-start=\"1427\" data-end=\"1438\">Jet lag<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1441\" data-end=\"1629\">\n<li data-start=\"1441\" data-end=\"1497\">\n<p data-start=\"1443\" data-end=\"1497\"><em data-start=\"1443\" data-end=\"1455\">Definition<\/em>: Fatigue caused by crossing time zones.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1498\" data-end=\"1572\">\n<p data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1572\"><em data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1509\">Example<\/em>: I suffered from jet lag after flying from London to Manila.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1573\" data-end=\"1629\">\n<p data-start=\"1575\" data-end=\"1629\"><em data-start=\"1575\" data-end=\"1589\">Collocations<\/em>: overcome jet lag, experience jet lag<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1631\" data-end=\"1634\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1660\">7. <strong data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1658\">Overtourism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1849\">\n<li data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1721\">\n<p data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1721\"><em data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1675\">Definition<\/em>: Excessive number of tourists in one place.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1722\" data-end=\"1785\">\n<p data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1785\"><em data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1733\">Example<\/em>: Overtourism threatens the environment in Venice.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1849\">\n<p data-start=\"1788\" data-end=\"1849\"><em data-start=\"1788\" data-end=\"1802\">Collocations<\/em>: problem of overtourism, control overtourism<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1854\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1856\" data-end=\"1885\">8. <strong data-start=\"1863\" data-end=\"1883\">Travel itinerary<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"2063\">\n<li data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1943\">\n<p data-start=\"1888\" data-end=\"1943\"><em data-start=\"1888\" data-end=\"1900\">Definition<\/em>: A planned route or schedule for a trip.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1944\" data-end=\"2006\">\n<p data-start=\"1946\" data-end=\"2006\"><em data-start=\"1946\" data-end=\"1955\">Example<\/em>: The travel agent prepared a detailed itinerary.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2007\" data-end=\"2063\">\n<p data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2063\"><em data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2023\">Collocations<\/em>: create an itinerary, daily itinerary<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2065\" data-end=\"2068\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2070\" data-end=\"2096\">9. <strong data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2094\">Tour operator<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2294\">\n<li data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2153\">\n<p data-start=\"2099\" data-end=\"2153\"><em data-start=\"2099\" data-end=\"2111\">Definition<\/em>: A company organizing package holidays.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2154\" data-end=\"2225\">\n<p data-start=\"2156\" data-end=\"2225\"><em data-start=\"2156\" data-end=\"2165\">Example<\/em>: Tour operators offer guided trips to multiple countries.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2226\" data-end=\"2294\">\n<p data-start=\"2228\" data-end=\"2294\"><em data-start=\"2228\" data-end=\"2242\">Collocations<\/em>: local tour operator, international tour operator<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2296\" data-end=\"2299\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2301\" data-end=\"2336\">10. <strong data-start=\"2309\" data-end=\"2334\">All-inclusive package<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2570\">\n<li data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2426\">\n<p data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2426\"><em data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2351\">Definition<\/em>: A holiday where food, drinks, and activities are included in one price.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2427\" data-end=\"2497\">\n<p data-start=\"2429\" data-end=\"2497\"><em data-start=\"2429\" data-end=\"2438\">Example<\/em>: Many resorts offer all-inclusive packages for families.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2570\">\n<p data-start=\"2500\" data-end=\"2570\"><em data-start=\"2500\" data-end=\"2514\">Collocations<\/em>: book an all-inclusive package, all-inclusive holiday<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2572\" data-end=\"2575\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2608\">11. <strong data-start=\"2585\" data-end=\"2606\">Adventure tourism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2609\" data-end=\"2823\">\n<li data-start=\"2609\" data-end=\"2678\">\n<p data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2678\"><em data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2623\">Definition<\/em>: Travel involving physical activity and exploration.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2679\" data-end=\"2745\">\n<p data-start=\"2681\" data-end=\"2745\"><em data-start=\"2681\" data-end=\"2690\">Example<\/em>: Adventure tourism is popular among young travelers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2746\" data-end=\"2823\">\n<p data-start=\"2748\" data-end=\"2823\"><em data-start=\"2748\" data-end=\"2762\">Collocations<\/em>: adventure tourism activity, adventure tourism destination<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2825\" data-end=\"2828\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2830\" data-end=\"2863\">12. <strong data-start=\"2838\" data-end=\"2861\">Travel restrictions<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2864\" data-end=\"3062\">\n<li data-start=\"2864\" data-end=\"2917\">\n<p data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"2917\"><em data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"2878\">Definition<\/em>: Rules that limit or prevent travel.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2918\" data-end=\"2989\">\n<p data-start=\"2920\" data-end=\"2989\"><em data-start=\"2920\" data-end=\"2929\">Example<\/em>: Travel restrictions were introduced during the pandemic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2990\" data-end=\"3062\">\n<p data-start=\"2992\" data-end=\"3062\"><em data-start=\"2992\" data-end=\"3006\">Collocations<\/em>: impose travel restrictions, lift travel restrictions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3064\" data-end=\"3067\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3069\" data-end=\"3102\">13. <strong data-start=\"3077\" data-end=\"3100\">Sustainable tourism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3103\" data-end=\"3328\">\n<li data-start=\"3103\" data-end=\"3178\">\n<p data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3178\"><em data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3117\">Definition<\/em>: Tourism that minimizes environmental and cultural damage.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3179\" data-end=\"3249\">\n<p data-start=\"3181\" data-end=\"3249\"><em data-start=\"3181\" data-end=\"3190\">Example<\/em>: Sustainable tourism supports both travelers and locals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3250\" data-end=\"3328\">\n<p data-start=\"3252\" data-end=\"3328\"><em data-start=\"3252\" data-end=\"3266\">Collocations<\/em>: promote sustainable tourism, sustainable tourism practices<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3330\" data-end=\"3333\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3335\" data-end=\"3366\">14. <strong data-start=\"3343\" data-end=\"3364\">Cultural exchange<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3574\">\n<li data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3435\">\n<p data-start=\"3369\" data-end=\"3435\"><em data-start=\"3369\" data-end=\"3381\">Definition<\/em>: Interaction where people share cultural practices.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3436\" data-end=\"3501\">\n<p data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3501\"><em data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3447\">Example<\/em>: Study-abroad programs encourage cultural exchange.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3502\" data-end=\"3574\">\n<p data-start=\"3504\" data-end=\"3574\"><em data-start=\"3504\" data-end=\"3518\">Collocations<\/em>: promote cultural exchange, cultural exchange program<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3576\" data-end=\"3579\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3581\" data-end=\"3617\">15. <strong data-start=\"3589\" data-end=\"3615\">Tourist infrastructure<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3618\" data-end=\"3845\">\n<li data-start=\"3618\" data-end=\"3692\">\n<p data-start=\"3620\" data-end=\"3692\"><em data-start=\"3620\" data-end=\"3632\">Definition<\/em>: Facilities supporting tourism (hotels, transport, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3693\" data-end=\"3762\">\n<p data-start=\"3695\" data-end=\"3762\"><em data-start=\"3695\" data-end=\"3704\">Example<\/em>: The government is investing in tourist infrastructure.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3763\" data-end=\"3845\">\n<p data-start=\"3765\" data-end=\"3845\"><em data-start=\"3765\" data-end=\"3779\">Collocations<\/em>: improve tourist infrastructure, lack of tourist infrastructure<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3847\" data-end=\"3850\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3852\" data-end=\"3876\">16. <strong data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3874\">Staycation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3877\" data-end=\"4089\">\n<li data-start=\"3877\" data-end=\"3948\">\n<p data-start=\"3879\" data-end=\"3948\"><em data-start=\"3879\" data-end=\"3891\">Definition<\/em>: A holiday spent at home or nearby rather than abroad.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3949\" data-end=\"4024\">\n<p data-start=\"3951\" data-end=\"4024\"><em data-start=\"3951\" data-end=\"3960\">Example<\/em>: Many people chose staycations instead of traveling overseas.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4025\" data-end=\"4089\">\n<p data-start=\"4027\" data-end=\"4089\"><em data-start=\"4027\" data-end=\"4041\">Collocations<\/em>: enjoy a staycation, popular staycation trend<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4091\" data-end=\"4094\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4096\" data-end=\"4126\">17. <strong data-start=\"4104\" data-end=\"4124\">Travel insurance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4127\" data-end=\"4322\">\n<li data-start=\"4127\" data-end=\"4184\">\n<p data-start=\"4129\" data-end=\"4184\"><em data-start=\"4129\" data-end=\"4141\">Definition<\/em>: Insurance covering risks during travel.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4185\" data-end=\"4254\">\n<p data-start=\"4187\" data-end=\"4254\"><em data-start=\"4187\" data-end=\"4196\">Example<\/em>: Travel insurance is essential for international trips.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4255\" data-end=\"4322\">\n<p data-start=\"4257\" data-end=\"4322\"><em data-start=\"4257\" data-end=\"4271\">Collocations<\/em>: buy travel insurance, travel insurance coverage<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4324\" data-end=\"4327\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4329\" data-end=\"4360\">18. <strong data-start=\"4337\" data-end=\"4358\">Visa requirements<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4361\" data-end=\"4572\">\n<li data-start=\"4361\" data-end=\"4443\">\n<p data-start=\"4363\" data-end=\"4443\"><em data-start=\"4363\" data-end=\"4375\">Definition<\/em>: Rules about whether visitors need permission to enter a country.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4444\" data-end=\"4504\">\n<p data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4504\"><em data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4455\">Example<\/em>: Some countries have strict visa requirements.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4505\" data-end=\"4572\">\n<p data-start=\"4507\" data-end=\"4572\"><em data-start=\"4507\" data-end=\"4521\">Collocations<\/em>: meet visa requirements, relax visa requirements<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4574\" data-end=\"4577\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4579\" data-end=\"4606\">19. <strong data-start=\"4587\" data-end=\"4604\">Local cuisine<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4607\" data-end=\"4784\">\n<li data-start=\"4607\" data-end=\"4654\">\n<p data-start=\"4609\" data-end=\"4654\"><em data-start=\"4609\" data-end=\"4621\">Definition<\/em>: Traditional food of a region.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4655\" data-end=\"4719\">\n<p data-start=\"4657\" data-end=\"4719\"><em data-start=\"4657\" data-end=\"4666\">Example<\/em>: Trying local cuisine is a highlight of traveling.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4720\" data-end=\"4784\">\n<p data-start=\"4722\" data-end=\"4784\"><em data-start=\"4722\" data-end=\"4736\">Collocations<\/em>: taste local cuisine, authentic local cuisine<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4786\" data-end=\"4789\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4791\" data-end=\"4815\">20. <strong data-start=\"4799\" data-end=\"4813\">Travel hub<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"5013\">\n<li data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"4886\">\n<p data-start=\"4818\" data-end=\"4886\"><em data-start=\"4818\" data-end=\"4830\">Definition<\/em>: A city or location where many travel routes connect.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4887\" data-end=\"4947\">\n<p data-start=\"4889\" data-end=\"4947\"><em data-start=\"4889\" data-end=\"4898\">Example<\/em>: Singapore is an important travel hub in Asia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4948\" data-end=\"5013\">\n<p data-start=\"4950\" data-end=\"5013\"><em data-start=\"4950\" data-end=\"4964\">Collocations<\/em>: international travel hub, regional travel hub<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"9932\" data-end=\"9935\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"9937\" data-end=\"9977\">Final Tips for Using IELTS Vocabulary<\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"9979\" data-end=\"10334\">\n<li data-start=\"9979\" data-end=\"10063\">\n<p data-start=\"9982\" data-end=\"10063\"><strong data-start=\"9982\" data-end=\"10005\">Use words naturally<\/strong> \u2013 Don\u2019t memorize lists without practicing in sentences.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10064\" data-end=\"10160\">\n<p data-start=\"10067\" data-end=\"10160\"><strong data-start=\"10067\" data-end=\"10090\">Collocations matter<\/strong> \u2013 Words often go together (e.g., \u201ctake an exam,\u201d not \u201cdo an exam\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10161\" data-end=\"10240\">\n<p data-start=\"10164\" data-end=\"10240\"><strong data-start=\"10164\" data-end=\"10179\">Formal tone<\/strong> \u2013 In Writing Task 2, avoid slang. Use academic vocabulary.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10241\" data-end=\"10334\">\n<p data-start=\"10244\" data-end=\"10334\"><strong data-start=\"10244\" data-end=\"10276\">Practice with mock questions<\/strong> \u2013 Apply new vocabulary in essays and speaking practice.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"10336\" data-end=\"10339\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"10341\" data-end=\"10380\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/3d-universal.com\/en\/ielts-preparation-course\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"27\" data-end=\"120\">3D ACADEMY \u2013 IELTS Preparation Course<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9632,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ielts-english-study-tips"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.6 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - 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