IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic Map（地圖題）寫作方法與範文

在IELTS Writing Task 1中，地圖(Map)題是考生特別容易感到困惑的題型之一。它不像圖表或表格那樣比較數值，而是需要用文字說明地點的變化或開發過程。因此，需要具備整理視覺資訊並用英語準確表達的能力。

典型的出題形式包括某個城鎮或設施的過去與現在對比，或是現在與未來開發計劃的呈現。考生必須清楚地說明“哪裡發生了變化”“新增或刪除了什麼”“整體呈現出怎樣的趨勢”。

本文將介紹地圖題的特點、答題的基本結構、可使用的表達集合，以及範文。讀完本文後，你應該能夠更有信心地應對地圖題。

IELTS Writing Task 1的地圖題需要寫出150字以上的報告。要滿足評分標準，重要的是將資訊進行邏輯整理，並按照合適的順序說明。推薦的結構是以下 四段式 。

1. 引言(Introduction)

• 以改述題目的方式開始寫作。
• 例：The maps illustrate the changes in a town center between 1990 and 2020.

要點是不要照抄題目原文，應使用同義詞進行改述。

2. 總覽(Overview)

• 用1~2句話總結整體的變化或趨勢。
• 例：Overall, the area underwent significant modernization, with farmland replaced by residential and commercial facilities.
• 此處不需要詳細說明，重要的是從整體角度呈現“重大變化”。

3. 細節1(Details – Part 1)

• 選取地圖的一部分(例如：北側/左側等)，具體說明該區域發生的變化。
• 建築物的新增或拆除、道路的擴建等，應結合位置資訊一併寫出。

4. 細節2(Details – Part 2)

• 說明剩餘區域的情況。
• 留意對比，寫出“另一方面”“在另一處”等表達，可使說明更具整體感。

要點

• 在每一段中，將“位置+變化”成對說明。
• 總覽部分務必要寫(若缺失，容易被評為Band 6.0以下)。
• 重點不是數值比較，而是“變化的描寫”。

地圖題必須準確表達“位置”和“變化”相關的詞彙。以下按類別整理了常用表達。

1. 表示變化的表達

• 新增、建造 was built / was constructed was established / was introduced
• 拆除、消失 was removed / was demolished disappeared / no longer existed
• 替換、轉變 was replaced by was transformed into was converted into
• 擴建、發展 was extended / was expanded was enlarged
• 維持、無變化 remained unchanged stayed the same

2. 表示位置的表達

• 方向 to the north/south/east/west of in the northern/southern part of
• 位置的確定 in the center of / at the corner of along / beside / adjacent to near / next to

3. 表示比較的表達

• while / whereas / in contrast
• compared to / as opposed to
• on the other hand

4. 總覽部分可用的表達

• Overall, it can be seen that…
• In general, the area experienced dramatic changes…
• The most noticeable development is that…
• A significant transformation took place in…

建議

• 將“變化”+“位置”組合使用更容易得分。例：A new shopping mall was constructed in the northern part of the town.
• 不要重複使用同一個動詞，交替使用同義表達會使文章更自然。

樣題示例

The maps below show a town center in 1990 and after redevelopment in 2020.

(以下地圖展示了1990年及2020年重新開發後的城鎮中心。)

範文示例(約170字)

IntroductionThe maps illustrate the transformation of a town center between 1990 and 2020.

OverviewOverall, the area underwent major redevelopment, with farmland being replaced by housing and commercial facilities, while new transport infrastructure and green spaces were introduced.

Details 1In 1990, the northern part of the town was mainly occupied by farmland. By 2020, this land had been converted into a residential estate, significantly increasing the number of houses in the area. Moreover, the central marketplace was replaced by a modern shopping mall, becoming the focal point of the new layout.

Details 2In the southern section, the old school was demolished and a new university campus was built in its place. Additionally, the road network was expanded to improve access, and a bus station was constructed in the western part of the town. Furthermore, a large public park appeared in the east, providing more recreational areas for residents.

答題要點

• 引言部分要改述 不要照抄題目，應加以改寫。
• 在總覽部分呈現整體圖景 先寫出重大變化(如農地變為住宅用地、新增公共設施等)。
• 細節按區域整理 分為北側、南側等分別說明，會更有邏輯性。
• 將變化動詞與位置表達組合使用 如was replaced by、was constructed in the northern area等。

只要掌握這一思路，地圖題也能寫出穩定獲得 Band 7.0以上 的答案。

IELTS Writing Task 1的地圖題不同於比較數值的圖表題，考察的是將地圖上的變化轉化為語言表達的能力。以下是穩定得分的要點。

• 務必寫出引言和總覽 透過改述題目引入，並從整體角度總結變化。
• 細節按區域整理 分為北側/南側、中心部/周邊部等來寫，會更有邏輯、更易閱讀。
• 將位置表達與變化表達組合使用 例：A new shopping mall was constructed in the northern part of the town.
• 不要重複使用相同的表達 除“was built”外，還應交替使用“was constructed”“was established”等。

地圖題在不熟悉的情況下會讓人覺得困難，但只要掌握模式化的答題結構，就能穩定應對。請參考本文介紹的範文和短語，實際用真題或模擬題進行練習吧。