IELTS Writing Task 1 General 書信結構與範文（Formal / Informal）

在IELTS General Training Writing Task 1中，會出題**書信寫作(Letter Writing)**任務。考生需要寫出150字以上的英文，並根據情境區分使用Formal(正式)或Informal(非正式)的文體。有些情況下，還需要寫介於兩者之間的Semi-formal(半正式)**文體。

這項任務的要點不僅在於用英語寫信，更在於展現根據與對方的關係及場合選擇恰當語氣和表達的能力。例如，向公司投訴或提出請求應使用正式文體，而邀請朋友或彙報近況則應使用非正式文體。

本文將介紹Task 1 General的基本結構、正式與非正式書信的區別，以及實際的範文。理解這些內容後，你就能在考試現場根據情境寫出自然得體的書信。

IELTS General Writing Task 1中出題的書信，雖然情境各異，但大致可分為以下幾種模式。

1. Formal(正式)

寫給商業或公共機構等對象的書信。應使用敬語式語氣書寫，避免使用縮略形式(can’t, don’t等)。

• 表達投訴(complaint)
• 向公司或政府機構進行諮詢
• 求職應聘或請求推薦

2. Semi-formal(半正式)

寫給不太熟悉的人，如鄰居、老師等有一定距離感的對象的書信。文體不像正式書信那樣生硬，也不像非正式書信那樣隨意。

• 向新鄰居打招呼
• 向學校老師提出請求
• 請鄰居幫忙

3. Informal(非正式)

寫給朋友或家人等親近對象的書信。應積極使用隨意的表達和縮略形式。

• 邀請朋友
• 分享旅行感受
• 彙報近況

考試中一定會給出“書信收件人及情境”，因此首先要正確判斷與對方的關係，分辨應使用正式還是非正式文體，這是透過考試的關鍵。

在IELTS General Writing Task 1中，不僅內容重要，清晰易讀的結構也不可或缺。基本上應注意以下三段式結構。

1. 問候語(Greeting)

根據對象選擇恰當的稱呼。

• Formal: Dear Sir or Madam, / Dear Mr. Smith,
• Informal: Hi Tom, / Dear Anna,

2. 正文(Body)

正文通常分為2~3段會更易讀。題目中一定會給出“三個要點”，因此每段說明一個要點會顯得更加自然。

• 引入：簡潔說明寫信的目的
• 細節：具體的說明或情境描述
• 請求或結語：希望對方採取的行動或最後一句話

3. 結語(Closing)

根據文體選擇恰當的結語。

• Formal: Yours faithfully, / Yours sincerely,
• Informal: Best regards, / Cheers, / Take care,

要點

• 分段整理有助於考官更容易理解內容。
• 務必覆蓋題目要求的三個要點，否則會被扣分，需多加註意。

在IELTS General Writing Task 1中，最重要的是根據對象區分使用文體。正式文體和非正式文體在詞彙和語氣上有很大差異。

1. 問候語(Greeting)

• Formal: Dear Sir or Madam, / Dear Mr. Brown,
• Informal: Hi Mike, / Dear Emma,

2. 表達風格

• Formal：禮貌而正式的表達。避免使用縮略形式(cannot, do not等)。
• Informal：友好而隨意。使用縮略形式和日常表達(can’t, don’t, thanks)。

3. 詞彙的區別

4. 結語(Closing)

• Formal: Yours faithfully, / Yours sincerely,
• Informal: Best, / Cheers, / See you soon,

文體選錯會被扣分，因此首先要確認“對方是誰”，再選擇與之相符的表達，這是透過考試的關鍵。

題目示例You are not satisfied with the service at a hotel. Write a letter to the manager. In your letter:

• Explain why you chose the hotel
• Describe the problem you had during your stay
• Say what actions you would like the manager to take

範文示例(約170字)

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the service I experienced during my recent stay at your hotel.

I selected your establishment because of its excellent reputation and its convenient location near the city center. Unfortunately, the service did not meet my expectations. The room I was given was not properly cleaned, and the air conditioning unit did not function throughout my three-night stay. Although I reported the issue twice to the reception staff, no action was taken to resolve the matter.

This situation caused significant discomfort and inconvenience. I kindly request that you investigate the problem, ensure that such issues do not occur in the future, and consider offering a partial refund as compensation.

I look forward to receiving your response at your earliest convenience.

Yours faithfully,[Your Name]

在這個例子中，始終貫徹了**正式表達(no contractions，禮貌的詞彙)**，並覆蓋了題目指定的三個要點。

題目示例Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to stay at your house. In your letter:

• Tell him/her about your new house
• Describe the neighborhood
• Invite him/her to stay with you

範文示例(約160字)

Hi Sarah,

I hope you’re doing well! I just wanted to share some exciting news with you — I recently moved into a new house, and I think you would love it.

The place is much bigger than my old apartment, with two bedrooms, a cozy living room, and even a small garden where we can have coffee in the morning. The neighborhood is really nice too. It’s quiet and safe, with a supermarket, a park, and a lovely little café just around the corner.

I’d really like you to come and stay with me for a few days. It’s been such a long time since we last met, and this would be the perfect chance to catch up. Let me know when you’re free, and I’ll make sure the guest room is ready for you.

Take care,[Your Name]

在這個例子中，使用了**非正式表達(縮略形式、隨意的詞彙)**，注重營造自然而友好的語氣。

IELTS General Writing Task 1考察的是根據對象和情境寫出恰當書信的能力。要點如下。

• 正確選擇文體最為重要 商業或公務對象 → Formal 朋友或家人等親近對象 → Informal 老師或鄰居等略有距離的對象 → Semi-formal
• 基本結構為三部分 問候語(Greeting) 正文(Body) 結語(Closing)
• 務必覆蓋題目指示的三個要點→ 每段說明一個要點會更容易書寫。
• 注重詞彙與語氣的一致性→ Formal中使用“cannot / request / inconvenience”等禮貌表達，Informal中使用“can’t / ask / trouble”等隨意表達。

透過反覆練習區分使用文體，考試當天也能寫出自然而恰當的書信。

題目示例You have recently moved to a new house and would like to introduce yourself to your new neighbor. Write a letter to your neighbor. In your letter:

• Introduce yourself and your family
• Describe your new house
• Invite your neighbor to come over

範文示例(約165字)

Dear Mr. Johnson,

I hope this letter finds you well. My name is Emily Brown, and my family and I have just moved into the house next door at number 24. We are very excited to join the neighborhood and look forward to meeting the people who live around us.

Our new home has three bedrooms and a small backyard, which my children are especially thrilled about. We have already started to settle in, but we are still getting to know the area and would really appreciate any advice you could share about local shops or community activities.

I would also like to invite you to our home next weekend for a cup of tea. It would be a wonderful opportunity to get to know each other better. Please let me know if you are available.

Yours sincerely,Emily Brown

半正式文體的要點

• 問候語和結語要禮貌(偏正式)。
• 但正文語氣略微柔和，展現親切感。
• 適用於鄰居、老師、寄宿家庭等對象。