Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards: Civil Service Exam Guide

The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards is a core topic in the Civil Service Exam. It evaluates a candidate’s understanding of how government officials and employees are expected to behave in public service. This subject is not only about memorization of rules but also about applying ethical principles to real-life situations involving public trust, accountability, and integrity.

In the Philippines, this topic is primarily based on Republic Act No. 6713, also known as the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees. Mastery of this law is essential, as exam questions often test definitions, principles, prohibited acts, and practical scenarios.

Overview of the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards

The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards establishes the norms of conduct for all public officials and employees. It aims to promote:

• Integrity in public service

• Transparency in government transactions

• Accountability of public officials

• Respect for the rights of the people

Public office is considered a public trust, and those who serve in government are expected to act with the highest degree of responsibility, loyalty, and efficiency.

The Civil Service Exam frequently includes direct questions about the provisions of RA 6713, as well as situational questions that require ethical judgment.

Coverage of the Code of Conduct in the Civil Service Exam

In the exam, questions on ethical standards may appear under:

• Constitution and General Information

• Ethics and Accountability

• Public Office and Governance

You may encounter:

• Definition-based questions

• Identification questions

• True or False statements

• Situational or case-based problems

Understanding both the letter of the law and its practical application is crucial.

Who Are Covered by the Code of Conduct

The Code applies to all public officials and employees, whether elected, appointed, permanent, temporary, or contractual. This includes:

• Officials in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

• Employees of constitutional commissions

• Personnel of government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs)

• Local government officials and employees

Even those serving without compensation or on a part-time basis are covered, as long as they perform public functions.

General Principles Governing Public Officials and Employees

Public officials and employees must adhere to fundamental principles that guide ethical behavior in public service.

Commitment to Public Interest

Public officials must always prioritize public welfare over personal interest. Decisions should be made solely for the benefit of the public, not for personal gain or advantage.

Professionalism

Government employees are expected to perform their duties competently, efficiently, and courteously. This includes:

• Delivering fast and adequate public service

• Avoiding discrimination

• Maintaining competence and excellence

Justness and Sincerity

Officials must act fairly and honestly in dealing with the public. They must avoid acts of oppression, extortion, or dishonesty, and should refrain from making false statements or misleading the public.

Political Neutrality

Public employees must provide services regardless of political affiliation. They should not use their position to promote political interests or discriminate against others based on political beliefs.

Responsiveness to the Public

Government employees must respond promptly to public needs and concerns. Public service should be accessible, transparent, and people-oriented.

Nationalism and Patriotism

Public officials must uphold national interest, respect national sovereignty, and prefer Filipino products and services when applicable.

Commitment to Democracy

Public servants must respect democratic institutions, the Constitution, and the rule of law. They should encourage public participation and uphold civil liberties.

Simple Living

Public officials must lead modest lives appropriate to their income and position. This principle aims to prevent corruption and excessive display of wealth.

Duties of Public Officials and Employees

The Code of Conduct outlines specific duties that public servants must observe.

Acting Promptly on Letters and Requests

Public officials must respond to letters, requests, petitions, and communications within a reasonable time. Failure to act without valid reason may constitute neglect of duty.

Submission of Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN)

All public officials and employees are required to file a SALN:

• Upon assumption of office

• On or before April 30 of every year

• Upon separation from service

The SALN promotes transparency and helps detect unexplained wealth.

Disclosure of Business Interests and Financial Connections

Officials must disclose any business or financial interest that may conflict with their official duties. This prevents conflicts of interest and promotes public trust.

Avoidance of Conflict of Interest

A conflict of interest arises when personal or financial interests interfere with official responsibilities. Public officials must avoid situations that compromise their impartiality.

Prohibited Acts Under the Code of Conduct

The Civil Service Exam often focuses on acts that are explicitly prohibited.

Solicitation or Acceptance of Gifts

Public officials and employees are prohibited from soliciting or accepting gifts, favors, or benefits in connection with their official duties. This includes money, goods, services, or anything of value.

Exceptions may apply to tokens of nominal value given during official occasions, provided they do not influence official actions.

Use of Position for Private Gain

Officials must not use their authority, influence, or information obtained through their position for personal benefit or to favor relatives and friends.

Disclosure or Misuse of Confidential Information

Information obtained by reason of office must not be disclosed or used for personal advantage unless authorized by law.

Engagement in Outside Employment Without Permission

Public officials must not engage in private business or employment that conflicts with their official duties, unless allowed by law or authorized by their agency.

Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN)

SALN is one of the most frequently tested topics related to ethics.

Purpose of SALN

The SALN aims to:

• Promote transparency

• Prevent corruption

• Detect illegal accumulation of wealth

Who Must File SALN

All public officials and employees, regardless of rank or status, are required to file SALN.

Consequences of Non-Compliance

Failure to file SALN, or filing a false or incomplete SALN, may result in:

• Administrative sanctions

• Suspension or dismissal

• Criminal liability in serious cases

Penalties and Sanctions for Violations

Violations of the Code of Conduct may result in administrative, civil, or criminal liability.

Administrative Penalties

These may include:

• Reprimand

• Suspension

• Dismissal from service

Administrative penalties may be imposed even if no criminal case is filed.

Criminal Liability

Certain violations, such as corruption or falsification of SALN, may lead to criminal prosecution under applicable laws.

Civil Liability

Public officials may be required to pay damages if their actions cause harm to individuals or the government.

Importance of Ethical Standards in Public Service

Ethical standards are essential in maintaining public trust and confidence in government institutions. When public officials act ethically:

• Government services become more efficient

• Corruption is minimized

• Citizens feel respected and protected

• Democracy is strengthened

The Civil Service Exam emphasizes ethics to ensure that future public servants understand their moral and legal responsibilities.

Common Exam Pitfalls to Avoid

Many examinees lose points due to misunderstanding ethical principles. Common mistakes include:

• Assuming small gifts are always allowed

• Confusing conflict of interest with corruption

• Forgetting SALN filing deadlines

• Believing ethical standards apply only to high-ranking officials

Remember that ethical rules apply to all public servants, regardless of position.

Tips for Studying Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards

To effectively prepare for this topic:

• Memorize key provisions of RA 6713

• Understand real-life applications of ethical principles

• Practice situational questions

• Focus on prohibited acts and penalties

• Review SALN requirements carefully

Studying ethics is not just about passing the exam but about understanding the responsibilities of public service.

Why This Topic Is Critical for Civil Service Examinees

The inclusion of ethical standards in the Civil Service Exam reflects the government’s commitment to integrity and accountability. Passing the exam means more than qualifying for employment—it signifies readiness to serve the public responsibly.

By mastering the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards, examinees demonstrate not only knowledge but also an understanding of the values expected of every public servant.

Final Thoughts

The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards is a foundational element of the Civil Service Exam and of public service itself. It reminds future government employees that authority comes with responsibility, and that public office is a trust granted by the people.

A solid grasp of this topic will not only help you answer exam questions correctly but will also prepare you to become an ethical, accountable, and effective public servant.

Problems Set: Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards

Part I: Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which law is known as the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees?
A. Republic Act No. 3019
B. Republic Act No. 6713
C. Republic Act No. 7160
D. Republic Act No. 9184

2. The principle that states public office is a public trust emphasizes which of the following?
A. Public officials should prioritize personal success
B. Public officials must act with utmost responsibility and integrity
C. Public officials may accept gifts if intentions are good
D. Public officials are exempt from accountability

3. Which of the following best describes “political neutrality” in public service?
A. Supporting the ruling political party
B. Avoiding all political discussions
C. Providing service regardless of political affiliation
D. Campaigning only during elections

4. Who is required to file a Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN)?
A. Only elected officials
B. Only high-ranking officials
C. All public officials and employees
D. Only permanent employees

5. When must public officials file their annual SALN?
A. January 1 of every year
B. March 31 of every year
C. On or before April 30 of every year
D. December 31 of every year

6. Which of the following acts is prohibited under the Code of Conduct?
A. Declining a gift from a private individual
B. Using confidential information for personal benefit
C. Disclosing assets in the SALN
D. Responding promptly to public requests

7. What does “simple living” require from public officials?
A. Living in government housing only
B. Avoiding all personal investments
C. Living modestly according to lawful income
D. Refusing salary increases

8. Which situation best illustrates a conflict of interest?
A. A clerk responding to public inquiries
B. An official awarding a contract to a company owned by a relative
C. An employee attending a training seminar
D. A supervisor evaluating employee performance

9. What is the primary purpose of SALN?
A. To increase employee salaries
B. To monitor attendance
C. To promote transparency and prevent corruption
D. To identify political affiliations

10. Failure to file SALN may result in which of the following?
A. No penalty if unintentional
B. Automatic promotion delay only
C. Administrative, civil, or criminal liability
D. Verbal warning only

Part II: True or False Questions

11. Public officials may accept gifts as long as they do not ask for them.
True / False

12. Ethical standards apply only to employees in the executive branch.
True / False

13. Public officials are required to act promptly on letters and requests from the public.
True / False

14. Confidential information obtained by reason of office may be used for personal gain.
True / False

15. Leading a modest lifestyle is encouraged to help prevent corruption.
True / False

Part III: Situational Questions

16. A government employee delays processing a permit because the applicant refused to give a “token of appreciation.” This act violates which principle?
A. Political neutrality
B. Commitment to democracy
C. Commitment to public interest
D. Nationalism and patriotism

17. A public official owns shares in a company bidding for a government project under his department. What should the official do?
A. Keep silent about the ownership
B. Sell the shares after the bidding
C. Disclose the interest and avoid participation
D. Influence the decision discreetly

18. An employee regularly ignores emails and letters from the public without valid reason. This violates which duty?
A. Simple living
B. Acting promptly on letters and requests
C. Professionalism
D. Political neutrality

19. A public official uses insider information to buy land before a government infrastructure project is announced. This act is considered:
A. Efficient planning
B. Acceptable investment
C. Misuse of confidential information
D. National development

20. A public servant openly supports a political candidate during office hours. Which principle is violated?
A. Professionalism
B. Political neutrality
C. Nationalism
D. Justness and sincerity

Answer Keys

Part I: Multiple Choice

1. B – Republic Act No. 6713

2. B – Public officials must act with utmost responsibility and integrity

3. C – Providing service regardless of political affiliation

4. C – All public officials and employees

5. C – On or before April 30 of every year

6. B – Using confidential information for personal benefit

7. C – Living modestly according to lawful income

8. B – Awarding a contract to a relative’s company

9. C – To promote transparency and prevent corruption

10. C – Administrative, civil, or criminal liability

Part II: True or False

11. False

12. False

13. True

14. False

15. True

Part III: Situational Questions

16. C – Commitment to public interest

17. C – Disclose the interest and avoid participation

18. B – Acting promptly on letters and requests

19. C – Misuse of confidential information

20. B – Political neutrality

Civil Service Exam Philippines: Complete Preparation and Passing Guide