IELTS Vocabulary by Topic (Education, Technology, Health, etc.)

2025年8月20日 IELTS

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IELTS Vocabulary by Topic (Education, Technology, Health, etc.)

IELTS Vocabulary by Topic (Education, Technology, Health, etc.)

When preparing for the IELTS exam, vocabulary is one of the most important factors for achieving a high band score. The test often evaluates your ability to use a wide range of words accurately and appropriately across familiar topics. Below is an organized list of topic-specific vocabulary, with definitions and example sentences, to help you sound more natural and academic in both writing and speaking.

IELTS Vocabulary: Education

1. Curriculum

Definition: The subjects and content taught in a school or university.
Example: The curriculum now includes more emphasis on digital literacy.
Collocations: national curriculum, core curriculum, design a curriculum

2. Pedagogy

Definition: The method and practice of teaching.
Example: Effective pedagogy encourages students to think critically.
Collocations: modern pedagogy, innovative pedagogy, pedagogy techniques

3. Tuition fees

Definition: The money paid for education, especially university.
Example: Rising tuition fees discourage many students from applying abroad.
Collocations: pay tuition fees, increase tuition fees, waive tuition fees

4. Scholarship

Definition: Financial aid given to a student to support their education.
Example: She won a scholarship to study medicine in Canada.
Collocations: academic scholarship, merit-based scholarship, apply for a scholarship

5. Vocational training

Definition: Education focused on job-related skills.
Example: Vocational training is crucial for students who prefer hands-on careers.
Collocations: vocational skills, vocational courses, vocational school

6. Lifelong learning

Definition: Continuous education throughout one’s life.
Example: Lifelong learning helps professionals stay competitive.
Collocations: promote lifelong learning, encourage lifelong learning

7. Dropout rate

Definition: The percentage of students who leave education before completing it.
Example: The high dropout rate in rural areas is concerning.
Collocations: school dropout, reduce dropout rate, dropout crisis

8. Compulsory education

Definition: Education that is required by law.
Example: Most countries have compulsory education until age 16.
Collocations: extend compulsory education, compulsory schooling, compulsory attendance

9. Extracurricular activities

Definition: Non-academic activities such as sports, clubs, or arts.
Example: Universities value students who engage in extracurricular activities.
Collocations: join extracurricular activities, promote extracurricular activities

10. Distance learning

Definition: Studying without attending a physical classroom, usually online.
Example: Distance learning became popular during the pandemic.
Collocations: online distance learning, pursue distance learning

11. Continuous assessment

Definition: Regular evaluation through assignments and projects, not just exams.
Example: Continuous assessment provides a more accurate measure of ability.
Collocations: introduce continuous assessment, rely on continuous assessment

12. Knowledge retention

Definition: The ability to remember and use learned information.
Example: Visual aids improve students’ knowledge retention.
Collocations: enhance retention, measure knowledge retention

13. Teacher-centered approach

Definition: A teaching style where the teacher controls learning.
Example: The teacher-centered approach often discourages creativity.
Collocations: adopt a teacher-centered approach, traditional teacher-centered learning

14. Peer learning

Definition: Students learning from each other.
Example: Peer learning improves communication and teamwork skills.
Collocations: encourage peer learning, peer learning groups

15. Literacy rate

Definition: The percentage of people who can read and write.
Example: Literacy rates are an important indicator of development.
Collocations: improve literacy rate, national literacy rate

16. Brain drain

Definition: The emigration of educated or skilled people from one country to another.
Example: Developing countries suffer from brain drain when their graduates move abroad.
Collocations: prevent brain drain, massive brain drain, brain drain crisis

17. Academic achievement

Definition: Success in education, usually measured by grades or awards.
Example: Academic achievement is influenced by both intelligence and environment.
Collocations: measure academic achievement, improve academic achievement

18. Educational inequality

Definition: Unequal access to education between groups.
Example: Educational inequality remains a challenge in rural areas.
Collocations: address educational inequality, reduce educational inequality

19. Standardized testing

Definition: Exams given in the same format to compare students’ performance.
Example: Standardized testing is often criticized for creating stress.
Collocations: introduce standardized testing, abolish standardized testing

20. Higher education

Definition: Education beyond secondary school, usually at a university.
Example: Higher education is becoming essential for well-paying jobs.
Collocations: pursue higher education, access to higher education

IELTS Vocabulary: Technology

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Definition: Computer systems simulating human intelligence.
Example: Artificial intelligence is being used in medical diagnosis.
Collocations: develop AI, AI-powered tools, advances in AI

2. Automation

Definition: Use of machines to perform tasks without human input.
Example: Automation has replaced many repetitive jobs in manufacturing.
Collocations: process automation, industrial automation, automation technology

3. Digital divide

Definition: The gap between those with and without access to digital technology.
Example: The digital divide is particularly evident in rural areas.
Collocations: close the digital divide, widen the digital divide

4. Cybersecurity

Definition: Measures taken to protect systems from digital attacks.
Example: Banks invest heavily in cybersecurity to protect customer data.
Collocations: strengthen cybersecurity, cybersecurity breach, cybersecurity threat

5. E-commerce

Definition: Buying and selling goods online.
Example: E-commerce grew rapidly during the pandemic.
Collocations: e-commerce platform, expand e-commerce, global e-commerce

6. Innovation

Definition: New methods, ideas, or products.
Example: Innovation drives progress in the technology sector.
Collocations: technological innovation, foster innovation, breakthrough innovation

7. Cloud computing

Definition: Storing and accessing data over the internet rather than on local devices.
Example: Cloud computing allows companies to scale their operations.
Collocations: adopt cloud computing, cloud computing services

8. Big data

Definition: Extremely large datasets analyzed to reveal patterns and trends.
Example: Big data is used to predict consumer behavior.
Collocations: analyze big data, big data analytics, big data solutions

9. Surveillance

Definition: Monitoring of people’s activities, often by government or companies.
Example: Online surveillance raises privacy concerns.
Collocations: government surveillance, mass surveillance, digital surveillance

10. Digital literacy

Definition: The ability to effectively use digital tools and platforms.
Example: Digital literacy is now essential for most jobs.
Collocations: improve digital literacy, digital literacy skills

11. Data privacy

Definition: The protection of personal information shared online.
Example: Social media companies are under pressure to improve data privacy.
Collocations: ensure data privacy, data privacy laws, data privacy concerns

12. Gadget

Definition: A small technological device.
Example: Smartphones are indispensable gadgets in modern life.
Collocations: electronic gadget, latest gadget, gadget addiction

13. Wearable technology

Definition: Electronic devices worn on the body.
Example: Wearable technology helps people monitor their health.
Collocations: wearable devices, wearable health technology, smartwatch

14. Virtual reality (VR)

Definition: Computer-generated simulation of a 3D environment.
Example: Virtual reality is being used in education to create immersive learning.
Collocations: VR headset, virtual reality experience, VR technology

15. Augmented reality (AR)

Definition: Technology overlaying digital information on the real world.
Example: Augmented reality apps are popular in retail marketing.
Collocations: AR applications, augmented reality game, AR features

16. Biometric authentication

Definition: Security system using fingerprints, facial recognition, etc.
Example: Biometric authentication is common in smartphones.
Collocations: fingerprint authentication, biometric data, biometric security

17. Smart technology

Definition: Devices connected to the internet and able to interact intelligently.
Example: Smart technology makes homes more energy-efficient.
Collocations: smart home, smart appliances, smart devices

18. Blockchain

Definition: A decentralized digital ledger technology.
Example: Blockchain is the foundation of cryptocurrencies.
Collocations: blockchain technology, blockchain platform, blockchain innovation

19. Digital transformation

Definition: The integration of digital technologies into all areas of business.
Example: Digital transformation is a priority for many organizations.
Collocations: drive digital transformation, successful digital transformation

20. Tech-savvy (adjective)

Definition: Having strong knowledge and ability with technology.
Example: Employers value tech-savvy employees in almost every industry.
Collocations: tech-savvy generation, become tech-savvy

IELTS Vocabulary: Health

1. Preventive care

Definition: Medical services aimed at preventing illness.
Example: Preventive care helps reduce long-term healthcare costs.
Collocations: preventive measures, preventive healthcare, preventive medicine

2. Nutrition

Definition: The process of obtaining necessary food for health.
Example: Good nutrition is essential for child development.
Collocations: balanced nutrition, poor nutrition, nutrition intake

3. Obesity

Definition: The state of being dangerously overweight.
Example: Obesity increases the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
Collocations: childhood obesity, obesity epidemic, obesity-related diseases

4. Mental health

Definition: Psychological well-being.
Example: Stress management is crucial for mental health.
Collocations: mental health issue, mental health support, improve mental health

5. Sedentary lifestyle

Definition: A lifestyle with little or no physical activity.
Example: A sedentary lifestyle often leads to health problems.
Collocations: lead a sedentary lifestyle, sedentary job, sedentary habits

6. Epidemic

Definition: A widespread outbreak of a disease in a community.
Example: The flu epidemic affected thousands of people.
Collocations: control an epidemic, outbreak of an epidemic, epidemic disease

7. Pandemic

Definition: A global outbreak of a disease.
Example: The COVID-19 pandemic changed people’s lifestyles.
Collocations: global pandemic, pandemic restrictions, pandemic preparedness

8. Healthcare system

Definition: The organization of medical services in a country.
Example: A universal healthcare system ensures equal access.
Collocations: public healthcare system, reform the healthcare system

9. Life expectancy

Definition: The average number of years a person is expected to live.
Example: Improvements in healthcare have increased life expectancy.
Collocations: increase life expectancy, average life expectancy

10. Vaccination

Definition: The act of giving a vaccine to protect against disease.
Example: Vaccination programs have eliminated smallpox.
Collocations: mass vaccination, receive a vaccination, vaccination campaign

11. Immune system

Definition: The body’s defense against disease.
Example: A healthy diet strengthens the immune system.
Collocations: boost immune system, weaken immune system, immune response

12. Addiction

Definition: Being unable to stop using a harmful substance or activity.
Example: Addiction to smoking can cause lung cancer.
Collocations: drug addiction, alcohol addiction, internet addiction

13. Rehabilitation

Definition: Treatment to restore health or normal life.
Example: He attended a rehabilitation center after his surgery.
Collocations: rehabilitation program, physical rehabilitation, drug rehabilitation

14. Healthcare professional

Definition: A trained worker in the medical field.
Example: Healthcare professionals are under great pressure during pandemics.
Collocations: qualified healthcare professional, frontline healthcare professionals

15. Alternative medicine

Definition: Treatments outside of mainstream medicine.
Example: Many people use alternative medicine such as acupuncture.
Collocations: practice alternative medicine, alternative medicine therapy

16. Chronic disease

Definition: A long-term illness.
Example: Diabetes is a common chronic disease.
Collocations: manage chronic disease, chronic disease patient

17. Malnutrition

Definition: Poor health caused by insufficient or unbalanced diet.
Example: Malnutrition is common in developing countries.
Collocations: severe malnutrition, child malnutrition, fight malnutrition

18. Public health campaign

Definition: Organized effort to improve population health.
Example: The anti-smoking public health campaign was very effective.
Collocations: launch a public health campaign, successful public health campaign

19. Healthcare accessibility

Definition: The ease with which people can obtain medical care.
Example: Rural areas often suffer from poor healthcare accessibility.
Collocations: improve healthcare accessibility, lack of healthcare access

20. Balanced diet

Definition: Eating the right variety and amount of food.
Example: A balanced diet includes fruits, vegetables, and proteins.
Collocations: follow a balanced diet, promote a balanced diet

IELTS Vocabulary: Environment

1. Climate change

Definition: Long-term shifts in global temperatures and weather.
Example: Climate change is causing rising sea levels.
Collocations: combat climate change, adapt to climate change, climate change policies

2. Global warming

Definition: Increase in the Earth’s average temperature.
Example: Global warming results from excessive greenhouse gas emissions.
Collocations: mitigate global warming, global warming effects

3. Renewable energy

Definition: Energy from natural sources like solar, wind, or water.
Example: Renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
Collocations: renewable energy source, invest in renewable energy, renewable energy sector

4. Fossil fuels

Definition: Natural fuels such as coal, oil, or gas.
Example: Burning fossil fuels contributes to air pollution.
Collocations: rely on fossil fuels, fossil fuel industry, fossil fuel consumption

5. Carbon footprint

Definition: The total amount of carbon dioxide emitted by an activity or person.
Example: Taking public transport helps lower your carbon footprint.
Collocations: reduce carbon footprint, calculate carbon footprint

6. Deforestation

Definition: Clearing forests for human use.
Example: Deforestation in the Amazon threatens biodiversity.
Collocations: prevent deforestation, large-scale deforestation, deforestation rate

7. Reforestation

Definition: Planting trees in deforested areas.
Example: Reforestation projects help restore ecosystems.
Collocations: promote reforestation, reforestation program

8. Biodiversity

Definition: The variety of living species in an environment.
Example: Deforestation leads to a loss of biodiversity.
Collocations: protect biodiversity, biodiversity hotspot, biodiversity loss

9. Endangered species

Definition: Animals or plants at risk of extinction.
Example: Pandas are considered an endangered species.
Collocations: protect endangered species, endangered species list

10. Ecosystem

Definition: A community of organisms and their environment.
Example: Pollution can disrupt the balance of an ecosystem.
Collocations: fragile ecosystem, marine ecosystem, ecosystem protection

11. Pollution

Definition: Contamination of air, water, or soil.
Example: Industrial pollution harms human health.
Collocations: air pollution, water pollution, reduce pollution

12. Sustainable development

Definition: Development that meets current needs without harming the future.
Example: Governments should promote sustainable development.
Collocations: sustainable development goals, achieve sustainable development

13. Waste management

Definition: The collection, treatment, and disposal of waste.
Example: Efficient waste management reduces landfill use.
Collocations: proper waste management, waste management system

14. Recycling

Definition: Processing used materials into new products.
Example: Recycling plastic can reduce environmental damage.
Collocations: recycling program, encourage recycling, recycling bins

15. Greenhouse gases

Definition: Gases like CO₂ that trap heat in the atmosphere.
Example: Greenhouse gas emissions cause global warming.
Collocations: reduce greenhouse gases, greenhouse gas emissions

16. Sustainability

Definition: The ability to maintain resources long-term.
Example: Sustainability is a key principle in environmental policy.
Collocations: promote sustainability, environmental sustainability, sustainability practices

17. Overconsumption

Definition: Using resources in excessive amounts.
Example: Overconsumption of natural resources threatens our planet.
Collocations: reduce overconsumption, overconsumption of energy

18. Renewable resources

Definition: Natural resources that can be replenished.
Example: Solar and wind are renewable resources.
Collocations: use renewable resources, renewable natural resources

19. Environmental degradation

Definition: The deterioration of the natural environment.
Example: Mining activities lead to environmental degradation.
Collocations: cause environmental degradation, prevent environmental degradation

20. Conservation

Definition: The protection of natural resources and wildlife.
Example: Conservation projects aim to protect rainforests.
Collocations: wildlife conservation, conservation effort, conservation program

IELTS Vocabulary: Work and Business

1. Work-life balance

Definition: The balance between work and personal life.
Example: Remote work has helped many employees achieve a better work-life balance.
Collocations: maintain work-life balance, improve work-life balance

2. Entrepreneurship

Definition: The process of starting and managing a business.
Example: Entrepreneurship is crucial for economic innovation.
Collocations: encourage entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship skills

3. Freelancer

Definition: Someone who works independently rather than for a company.
Example: Many young professionals prefer to be freelancers.
Collocations: freelance work, freelance project, freelance career

4. Job security

Definition: The certainty of keeping one’s job.
Example: Public sector jobs often provide more job security.
Collocations: guarantee job security, lack of job security

5. Outsourcing

Definition: Hiring another company or country to do work.
Example: Many firms outsource customer service to reduce costs.
Collocations: outsource tasks, outsourcing strategy, outsourcing partner

6. Corporate culture

Definition: Shared values and practices within a company.
Example: A positive corporate culture increases employee satisfaction.
Collocations: strong corporate culture, corporate culture change

7. Promotion

Definition: Advancement to a higher position.
Example: She earned a promotion after her excellent performance.
Collocations: deserve a promotion, rapid promotion

8. Employee turnover

Definition: The rate at which employees leave and are replaced.
Example: High employee turnover is costly for businesses.
Collocations: reduce turnover, high turnover rate

9. Productivity

Definition: Efficiency in producing goods or services.
Example: Flexible working hours can increase productivity.
Collocations: improve productivity, productivity level, productivity growth

10. Salary package

Definition: Total pay and benefits offered to an employee.
Example: The company attracts talent by offering competitive salary packages.
Collocations: attractive salary package, negotiate a salary package

11. Remote work

Definition: Working outside the office, usually from home.
Example: Remote work became common during the pandemic.
Collocations: adopt remote work, remote work policy, remote work flexibility

12. Team collaboration

Definition: Working together effectively within a group.
Example: Good communication is key to team collaboration.
Collocations: enhance collaboration, collaborative team culture

13. Leadership skills

Definition: The ability to guide and motivate others.
Example: Leadership skills are essential for career advancement.
Collocations: develop leadership skills, strong leadership skills

14. Deadline pressure

Definition: Stress caused by having to finish tasks on time.
Example: Working under constant deadline pressure reduces creativity.
Collocations: face deadline pressure, meet deadlines

15. Job satisfaction

Definition: The contentment one feels with their job.
Example: Job satisfaction is closely linked to work-life balance.
Collocations: increase job satisfaction, employee job satisfaction

16. Start-up

Definition: A newly established small business.
Example: Tech start-ups are booming in many cities.
Collocations: launch a start-up, successful start-up, start-up culture

17. Workplace discrimination

Definition: Unfair treatment based on gender, race, etc.
Example: Workplace discrimination remains a global issue.
Collocations: prevent discrimination, face discrimination, anti-discrimination policy

18. Flexible working hours

Definition: Work schedule that allows employees to vary hours.
Example: Flexible working hours attract skilled workers.
Collocations: introduce flexible working hours, enjoy flexible working hours

19. Career advancement

Definition: Progression to higher levels in one’s profession.
Example: Networking can accelerate career advancement.
Collocations: opportunities for career advancement, career advancement path

20. Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Definition: A company’s commitment to act ethically and support the community.
Example: Many firms adopt CSR to improve their public image.
Collocations: CSR initiatives, corporate responsibility, CSR program

IELTS Vocabulary: Global Issues

1. Globalization

Definition: The process of increasing international connection.
Example: Globalization has boosted trade but also created cultural homogenization.
Collocations: effects of globalization, economic globalization, globalization process

2. Migration

Definition: Movement of people from one place to another.
Example: Rural-to-urban migration is common in developing nations.
Collocations: mass migration, economic migration, migration policy

3. Refugee crisis

Definition: Large-scale displacement of people fleeing conflict or disaster.
Example: The refugee crisis requires global cooperation.
Collocations: solve the refugee crisis, global refugee crisis, refugee settlement

4. Inequality

Definition: Unequal opportunities or outcomes among groups of people.
Example: Education helps reduce social inequality.
Collocations: income inequality, reduce inequality, address inequality

5. Human rights

Definition: Basic freedoms and rights of all individuals.
Example: Freedom of speech is a fundamental human right.
Collocations: protect human rights, human rights violation, human rights organization

6. Poverty alleviation

Definition: Reducing poverty levels in society.
Example: Microfinance programs contribute to poverty alleviation.
Collocations: efforts in poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation project

7. Overpopulation

Definition: When the number of people exceeds the carrying capacity of an area.
Example: Overpopulation puts pressure on resources and infrastructure.
Collocations: population explosion, control overpopulation

8. Humanitarian aid

Definition: Assistance given to people in crisis situations.
Example: Humanitarian aid was delivered after the earthquake.
Collocations: provide humanitarian aid, humanitarian aid organization

9. Food security

Definition: Reliable access to enough nutritious food.
Example: Climate change threatens global food security.
Collocations: ensure food security, food security crisis

10. Sustainable development goals (SDGs)

Definition: International goals to promote sustainability and equality.
Example: Countries are working together to achieve the UN’s sustainable development goals.
Collocations: implement SDGs, achieve SDGs, SDG target

11. International sanctions

Definition: Restrictions placed on a country to influence behavior.
Example: Economic sanctions were imposed due to human rights abuses.
Collocations: impose sanctions, lift sanctions, sanctions regime

12. Diplomacy

Definition: Managing relationships between nations.
Example: Effective diplomacy helps prevent conflicts.
Collocations: practice diplomacy, international diplomacy, diplomatic relations

13. Cultural diversity

Definition: The presence of different cultural groups in society.
Example: Cultural diversity enriches communities but can also create challenges.
Collocations: promote cultural diversity, cultural diversity policy

14. Armed conflict

Definition: Fighting between groups, often nations or political factions.
Example: Armed conflict has displaced thousands of people.
Collocations: resolve armed conflict, armed conflict zone

15. Corruption

Definition: Dishonest or illegal behavior by people in power.
Example: Corruption undermines trust in government institutions.
Collocations: fight corruption, political corruption, corruption scandal

16. Terrorism

Definition: The use of violence for political purposes.
Example: Terrorism poses a threat to global security.
Collocations: combat terrorism, terrorism threat, terrorism attack

17. Climate refugees

Definition: People forced to leave their homes due to climate change.
Example: Rising sea levels create climate refugees in island nations.
Collocations: support climate refugees, growing number of climate refugees

18. Global governance

Definition: Cooperation among nations to manage global problems.
Example: Global governance is essential to fight pandemics.
Collocations: strengthen global governance, issues of global governance

19. Wealth gap

Definition: The difference in assets between rich and poor.
Example: The wealth gap is widening in many societies.
Collocations: close the wealth gap, wealth gap problem

20. International cooperation

Definition: Nations working together to solve global challenges.
Example: International cooperation is vital for tackling climate change.
Collocations: promote international cooperation, strengthen international cooperation

IELTS Vocabulary: Media and Communication

1. Mass media

Definition: Means of communication that reach large audiences.
Example: Mass media shapes public opinion significantly.
Collocations: influence of mass media, role of mass media

2. Censorship

Definition: The suppression or control of information.
Example: Strict censorship limits freedom of expression.
Collocations: government censorship, censorship laws

3. Fake news

Definition: False or misleading information presented as news.
Example: The rise of fake news undermines trust in journalism.
Collocations: spread fake news, detect fake news

4. Social networking sites

Definition: Online platforms for social interaction.
Example: Social networking sites have changed how people communicate.
Collocations: join a social networking site, popular social networking sites

5. Freedom of speech

Definition: The right to express opinions freely.
Example: Freedom of speech is essential in a democratic society.
Collocations: protect freedom of speech, restrict freedom of speech

6. Advertising

Definition: The activity of promoting products or services.
Example: Online advertising uses personal data to target consumers.
Collocations: television advertising, advertising campaign, misleading advertising

7. Public relations (PR)

Definition: Managing the image of a company or person.
Example: The company hired a PR firm to improve its reputation.
Collocations: PR strategy, PR campaign, PR crisis

8. Broadcasting

Definition: Transmitting radio or television programs.
Example: The broadcasting industry is shifting to online platforms.
Collocations: live broadcasting, broadcasting rights, national broadcasting

9. Tabloid

Definition: A newspaper with sensational stories.
Example: The scandal was reported in the tabloids.
Collocations: tabloid press, tabloid journalism

10. Mainstream media

Definition: Traditional, widely accepted news outlets.
Example: Many people distrust mainstream media and turn to independent sources.
Collocations: mainstream media coverage, mainstream media bias

11. Citizen journalism

Definition: News reported by ordinary people using technology.
Example: Citizen journalism has grown with the rise of smartphones.
Collocations: rise of citizen journalism, citizen journalism platforms

12. Misinformation

Definition: Incorrect information, often spread unintentionally.
Example: Social media spreads misinformation quickly.
Collocations: spread misinformation, misinformation campaign

13. Sensationalism

Definition: Exaggeration or shocking presentation in media.
Example: Sensationalism often sacrifices accuracy for entertainment.
Collocations: media sensationalism, sensationalist headlines

14. Propaganda

Definition: Information used to influence public opinion, often biased.
Example: During war, propaganda is used to maintain morale.
Collocations: political propaganda, spread propaganda, propaganda tool

15. Viral content

Definition: Media that spreads rapidly online.
Example: The video went viral within hours.
Collocations: viral video, viral marketing, viral campaign

16. Press freedom

Definition: The right of journalists to publish information freely.
Example: Press freedom is restricted in many countries.
Collocations: ensure press freedom, press freedom index

17. Echo chamber

Definition: An environment where people only encounter opinions that match their own.
Example: Social media often creates echo chambers.
Collocations: online echo chamber, political echo chamber

18. Clickbait

Definition: Sensational or misleading headlines designed to attract clicks.
Example: The article title was pure clickbait.
Collocations: clickbait headline, clickbait strategy

19. Media literacy

Definition: The ability to critically evaluate media and information.
Example: Schools are teaching media literacy to help students identify fake news.
Collocations: promote media literacy, improve media literacy skills

20. 24-hour news cycle

Definition: Continuous news reporting throughout the day.
Example: The 24-hour news cycle increases pressure on journalists.
Collocations: impact of 24-hour news cycle, 24-hour media coverage

✈️ IELTS Vocabulary: Travel and Tourism (20 Key Words)

1. Backpacker

Definition: A budget traveler carrying everything in a backpack.
Example: Many backpackers choose hostels to save money.
Collocations: backpacker hostel, backpacker destination

2. Ecotourism

Definition: Environmentally responsible travel.
Example: Ecotourism promotes conservation and supports local communities.
Collocations: ecotourism industry, ecotourism project, promote ecotourism

3. Cultural heritage

Definition: Traditions, monuments, and practices of a society.
Example: Tourists are attracted to sites of cultural heritage.
Collocations: protect cultural heritage, UNESCO cultural heritage

4. Tourist attraction

Definition: A place that draws visitors.
Example: The Eiffel Tower is a famous tourist attraction.
Collocations: popular tourist attraction, major tourist attraction

5. Hospitality industry

Definition: Businesses providing services like hotels and restaurants.
Example: The hospitality industry was severely affected by the pandemic.
Collocations: hospitality industry growth, global hospitality industry

6. Jet lag

Definition: Fatigue caused by crossing time zones.
Example: I suffered from jet lag after flying from London to Manila.
Collocations: overcome jet lag, experience jet lag

7. Overtourism

Definition: Excessive number of tourists in one place.
Example: Overtourism threatens the environment in Venice.
Collocations: problem of overtourism, control overtourism

8. Travel itinerary

Definition: A planned route or schedule for a trip.
Example: The travel agent prepared a detailed itinerary.
Collocations: create an itinerary, daily itinerary

9. Tour operator

Definition: A company organizing package holidays.
Example: Tour operators offer guided trips to multiple countries.
Collocations: local tour operator, international tour operator

10. All-inclusive package

Definition: A holiday where food, drinks, and activities are included in one price.
Example: Many resorts offer all-inclusive packages for families.
Collocations: book an all-inclusive package, all-inclusive holiday

11. Adventure tourism

Definition: Travel involving physical activity and exploration.
Example: Adventure tourism is popular among young travelers.
Collocations: adventure tourism activity, adventure tourism destination

12. Travel restrictions

Definition: Rules that limit or prevent travel.
Example: Travel restrictions were introduced during the pandemic.
Collocations: impose travel restrictions, lift travel restrictions

13. Sustainable tourism

Definition: Tourism that minimizes environmental and cultural damage.
Example: Sustainable tourism supports both travelers and locals.
Collocations: promote sustainable tourism, sustainable tourism practices

14. Cultural exchange

Definition: Interaction where people share cultural practices.
Example: Study-abroad programs encourage cultural exchange.
Collocations: promote cultural exchange, cultural exchange program

15. Tourist infrastructure

Definition: Facilities supporting tourism (hotels, transport, etc.).
Example: The government is investing in tourist infrastructure.
Collocations: improve tourist infrastructure, lack of tourist infrastructure

16. Staycation

Definition: A holiday spent at home or nearby rather than abroad.
Example: Many people chose staycations instead of traveling overseas.
Collocations: enjoy a staycation, popular staycation trend

17. Travel insurance

Definition: Insurance covering risks during travel.
Example: Travel insurance is essential for international trips.
Collocations: buy travel insurance, travel insurance coverage

18. Visa requirements

Definition: Rules about whether visitors need permission to enter a country.
Example: Some countries have strict visa requirements.
Collocations: meet visa requirements, relax visa requirements

19. Local cuisine

Definition: Traditional food of a region.
Example: Trying local cuisine is a highlight of traveling.
Collocations: taste local cuisine, authentic local cuisine

20. Travel hub

Definition: A city or location where many travel routes connect.
Example: Singapore is an important travel hub in Asia.
Collocations: international travel hub, regional travel hub

Final Tips for Using IELTS Vocabulary

Use words naturally – Don’t memorize lists without practicing in sentences.
Collocations matter – Words often go together (e.g., “take an exam,” not “do an exam”).
Formal tone – In Writing Task 2, avoid slang. Use academic vocabulary.
Practice with mock questions – Apply new vocabulary in essays and speaking practice.

3D ACADEMY – IELTS Preparation Course

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